All terms in DRUGBANK

Label Id Description
Shark liver oil DB11088 [Shark oil is extracted from the livers of sharks, which can account for up to 25% of their total body weight. The 3 main targeted species are the deep sea shark (Centrophorus squamosus), the dogfish (Sqaulus acanthias), and the basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus). Shark oil is a rich source of alkylglycerols and squalene, with relatively low amounts of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. However the major component is considered to be squalene, which may range up to 90% of the shark oil, depending on the species. The potential benefit of shark oil has been experimented in different therapeutic implications, where it is claimed to improve immune responses and exert an antitumor activity.]
Pyrethrum extract DB11087 [Pyrethrum is the crude extract form obtained from flowers of the plant Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium. Pyrethrin refers to a more refined extract of pyrethrum. While pyrethrum extract is composed of 6 esters, both organic compounds mediate insecticidal activities. Pyrethrum-containing mixtures are used as a common insecticide to control specific pest species. Pyrethrum extract is also used used to treat head, body, and pubic lice infections. The active compound is absorbed by the lice and destroys them by acting on their nervous systems but is thought to exert minimal effect on humans.]
Cocoa butter DB11086 [Cocoa butter is an edible natural fat obtained from the _Theobroma cocoa_ seeds that is predominantly found in dark chocolate [A33033]. It is a rich source of monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids [A33040] that mainly contains approximately 33% [DB04224], 25% [DB03796], and 33% [DB03193] [A20409] but does not contain caffeine or theobromine. Fat cocoa solids, including cocoa butter, have lower phenolic content than non-fat cocoa solids but may contain some polyphenols of different structures of flavonoids with antioxidant properties [A33041]. Cocoa butter is included in chocolate and other food products, and can also be found in over-the-counter skin products such as lotions, creams, and bars intended to maintain skin softness. While cocoa butter has skin moisturizing properties, it was not shown to reduce the likelihood of developing of striae gravidarum, or stretch marks, in a double-blind, randomized clinical trial of women in the first trimester [A33031]. Still, it is a common active ingredient for prevention of skin dryness in cosmetic and skincare products. Oftentimes cocoa butter is used in over-the-counter pharmaceutical products and suppositories. The lipid-lowering effects of cocoa butter have been studied and investigated, as fatty acid constituents of cocoa butter are known to exhibit lipid-lowering properties. Dyslipidemia is characterized by elevated levels of plasma triglyceride and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol due to overproduction of large triglyceride-enriched VLDL cholesterol particles [A20409]. Cocoa butter has shown to reduce VLDL cholesterol levels in animal studies, suggesting its potential use in lipid disorders.]
Aluminum chloride DB11081 [Aluminum chloride is a chemical compound with the chemical formula AlCl3. When contaminated with iron chloride, it often displays a yellow color compared to the white pure compound. It is used in various chemical applications as a Lewis base, with anhydrous aluminium trichloride being the most commonly used Lewis acid. It may also be found in over-the-counter as an antiperspirant or prescription products as an antihemorrhagic agent. In antiperspirant products, FDA approves the use of aluminum chloride as an active ingredient up to 15%, calculated on the hexahydrate form, in an aqueous solution nonaerosol dosage form [L2012].]
Silver nitrate DB11080 [Silver nitrate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula AgNO3. In its solid form, silver nitrate is coordinated in a trigonal planar arrangement. It is often used as a precursor to other silver-containing compounds. It is used in making photographic films, and in laboratory setting as a staining agent in protein visualization in PAGE gels and in scanning electron microscopy.]
Resorcinol DB11085 [Resorcinol is a 1,3-isomer (or meta-isomer) of benzenediol with the formula C6H4(OH)2. It is used as an antiseptic and disinfectant in topical pharmaceutical products in the treatment of skin disorders and infections such as acne, seborrheic dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, corns, calluses, and warts. It exerts a keratolytic activity. Resorcinol works by helping to remove hard, scaly, or roughened skin. Although it is primarily indicated for use as a topical application, resorcinol also possesses a well-documented anti-thyroidal activity that is generally not relied upon for any kind of formal therapeutic indication.]
Coal tar DB11082 [Coal tar is a brown or black liquid of extremely high viscosity. Coal tar is among the by-products when coal is carbonized to make coke or gasified to make coal gas. Coal tars are complex and variable mixtures of phenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heterocyclic compounds. It has been indicated for local relief of itching, dryness, and irritation caused by psoriasis, seborrhea and eczema.]
Crypthecodinium cohnii DHA oil DB11099
Potassium bicarbonate DB11098 [Potassium bicarbonate is a white, crystalline, slightly alkaline and salty substance. It is produced by the passage of carbon dioxide through an aqueous potassium carbonate solution. It is used in medicine as an antacid.[T141] It is registered in the FDA under the section of suitable, safe and effective ingredients for OTC antacids.[L1836] This FDA denomination classifies potassium bicarbonate as a GRAS ingredient.[L1837]]
Plantago seed DB11097 [Platango seeds refer to the seeds collected from various species of plantago trees. It is found in some laxatives for treating occasional constipation and restoring regularity in bowel movements. Its potential benefit in maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis has been studied [A27156]. Regardless, this agent is most predominantly used as a gentle laxative agent in many parts of the world that is more commonly referred as psyllium or psyllium husk.]
Stannous fluoride DB11092 [Stannous Fluoride, or Tn(II) Fluoride, is a compound commonly used in toothpastes for the prevention of gingivitis, dental infections, cavities, and to relieve dental hypersensitivity. Although similar in function and activity to Sodium Fluoride (NaF), the conventionally added ingredient in toothpastes, stannous fluoride has been shown to be more effective at stopping and reversing dental lesions [A19581]. It manages and prevents dental caries and gingivitis by promoting enamel mineralization [A19580], reducing gingival inflammation and bleeding [A19582, A19583] through its potential broad-spectrum antibiotic effect and modulation of the microbial composition of the dental biofilm [A19581]. It is an FDA-approved over-the-counter product.]
Hydrogen peroxide DB11091 [Hydrogen peroxide is the simplest peroxide with a chemical formula H2O2. Hydrogen peroxide is an unstable compound in the presence of a base or catalyst, and is typically stored with a stabilizer in a weakly acidic solution. If heated to its boiling point, it may undergo potentially explosive thermal decomposition. Hydrogen peroxide is formed in the body of mammals during reduction of oxygen either directly in a two-electron transfer reaction [L2024]. As a natural product of metabolism, it readily undergoes decomposition by catalase in normal cells [L2024]. Due to its potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial actions, hydrogen peroxide is used in both liquid and gas form for preservative, disinfection and sterilization applications as an oxidative biocide [A32369]. It is used in industrial and cosmetic applications as a bleaching agent. Hydrogen peroxide is also considered as a generally recognized as safe compound by the FDA [L2024]; it is used as an antimicrobial agent in starch and cheese products, and as an oxidizing and reducing agent in products containing dried eggs, dried egg whites, and dried egg yolks.]
Potassium nitrate DB11090 [Potassium nitrate is an inorganic salt with a chemical formula of KNO3. It is a natural source of nitrate and has been used as a constituent for several different purposes, including food preservatives, fertilizers, tree stump removal, rocket propellants, and fireworks. Potassium nitrate is a common active ingredient in toothpaste, exerting an anti-sensitivity action. It provides increasing protection against painful sensitivity of the teeth to cold, heat, acids, sweets or contact [L1754, L1755]. In addition, potassium nitrate is used as a diuretic in pigs, cattle, and horses. It is administered orally doses up to 30 g per animal per day [L1736].]
Meradimate DB11096 [Meradimate, before known as menthyl anthranilate, is used in a maximal concentration of 5% in different products as a UV filter.[T200] It is currently required to be named as meradimate in all FDA approved OTC products. Meradimate is approved by the FDA and Health Canada to be used as an ingredient in sunblocking products.[L1113, L2748]]
Desirudin DB11095 [Desirudin is a direct inhibitor of human thrombin. It has a protein structure that is similar to that of hirudin, the naturally occurring anticoagulant present in the peripharyngeal glands in the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis. Hirudin is a single polypeptide chain of 65 amino acids residues and contains three disulfide bridges. Desirudin has a chemical formula of C287H440N80O110S6 with a molecular weight of 6963.52. It is mainly indicated for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in hip replacement surgery patients. Common side effects include: Bleeding gums, collection of blood under the skin, coughing up blood, deep, dark purple bruise and difficulty with breathing or swallowing.]
Vitamin D DB11094 [Vitamin D ultimately comprises a group of lipid-soluble secosteroids responsible for a variety of biological effects, some of which include increasing the intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate. With reference to human use, there are 2 main forms of vitamin D - vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) and vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol). When non-specific references are made about 'vitamin d', the references are usually about the use of vitamin D3 and/or D2. Vitamin D3 and D2 require hydroxylation in order to become biologically active in the human body. Since vitamin D can be endogenously synthesized in adequate amounts by most mammals exposed to sufficient quantities of sunlight, vitamin D functions like a hormone on vitamin D receptors to regulate calcium in opposition to parathyroid hormone. Vitamin D plays an essential physiological role in maintaining calcium homeostasis and metabolism. There are several different vitamin D supplements that are given to treat or to prevent osteomalacia and rickets, or to meet the daily criteria of vitamin D consumption.]
Calcium Citrate DB11093 [Calcium citrate is a salt typically used as a source of calcium in a variety of over the counter supplements.]
Polmacoxib DB12399 [Polmacoxib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Osteoarthritis, Osteoarthritis, Hip, Osteoarthritis, Knee, Localized Primary Osteoarthritis of Hip, and Localized Primary Osteoarthritis of Knee.]
Heme iron polypeptide DB11067
Pancrelipase protease DB11066 [Pancrelipase, in general, is composed of a mixture of pancreatic enzymes which include amylases, lipases, and proteases. These enzymes are extracted from porcine pancreatic glands.[L2509] The pancrelipase protease is a mix of enzymes, formed by trypsin and chymotrypsin, that proteolytically cleave peptide bonds and are involved in food digestion.[A32742, L2543] The pancrelipase mixture, including pancrelipase protease, was developed by Ortho-McNeil-Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc and FDA approved on April 12, 2010.[L2510]]