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Pancrelipase amylase
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DB11065 |
[Pancrelipase, in general, is composed of a mixture of pancreatic enzymes which include amylases, lipases, and proteases. These enzymes are extracted from porcine pancreatic glands.[L2509] The amylases are enzymes that help in the chemical process of digestion by hydrolizing starch into more available saccharide forms.[T177] The pancrelipase amylase is a single polypeptide chain containing two SH groups and four disulfide bridges.[L2512] The pancrelipase mixture, including pancrelipase amylase, was developed by Ortho-McNeil-Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc and FDA approved on April 12, 2010.[L2510]] |
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Homosalate
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DB11064 |
[Homosalate is an organic compound that belongs to salicylates. It is an ester formed from salicylic acid and 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol, a derivative of cyclohexanol. Salicylates prevent direct skin exposure to the sun’s harmful rays by absorbing ultraviolet (UV) light. Homosalate specifically absorbs short-wave UVB rays, which are associated with DNA damage and increased risk of skin cancer.
It is a common ingredient in many commercially available sunscreens. There are no reported adverse effects from homosalate.] |
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Esreboxetine
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DB12395 |
[Esreboxetine has been used in trials studying the treatment and basic science of Fibromyalgia.] |
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Fresolimumab
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DB12396 |
[Fresolimumab has been used in trials studying the treatment of Primary Brain Tumors, Metastatic Breast Cancer, Diffuse Systemic Sclerosis, Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma, and Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis.] |
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Schizochytrium DHA oil
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DB11069 |
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DSM-265
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DB12397 |
[DSM265 has been used in trials studying the prevention and treatment of Malaria.] |
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Naproxen etemesil
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DB12398 |
[Naproxen etemesil has been used in trials studying the treatment of Osteoarthritis.] |
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Selenic acid
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DB11068 |
[Selenic acid is an organic compound with the chemical formula H2SeO4. It may be found in over-the-counter daily dietary supplements as a source of [DB11135], an essential trace mineral for human health.] |
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Sagopilone
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DB12391 |
[Sagopilone has been used in trials studying the treatment of Melanoma, Neoplasms, CNS Disease, Breast Cancer, and Breast Neoplasms, among others. It is a so-called fully synthetic epothilone and is the first such compound to be in clinical development to combat several forms of cancer. Epothilones are 16-member ring macrolides with antimicrotubule activity that share a similar mechanism of action to the taxanes but have demonstrated potent antiproliferative activity in several different multidrug-resistant and paclitaxel-resistant tumor cell lines in vitro and in vivo.] |
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Resminostat
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DB12392 |
[Resminostat has been used in trials studying the treatment of Sezary Syndrome, Mycosis fungoides, Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, and Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous, among others.] |
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Fanapanel
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DB12393 |
[Fanapanel has been investigated for the treatment of Visual Acuity.] |
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Eleclazine
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DB12394 |
[Eleclazine has been used in trials studying the treatment of LQT2 Syndrome, Long QT Syndrome, Ischemic Heart Disease, Ventricular Arrhythmia, and Long QT Syndrome Type 3, among others.] |
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Polysorbate 80
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DB11063 |
[Polysorbate, a substance formulated by the reaction of sorbitan fatty acid ester (a
nonionic surfactant) with ethylene oxide), is used in many foreign countries, including the U.S. and the EU, where it acts as an emulsifier, a solubilizer in many foods, including bread, cake mix, salad dressing, shortening oil and chocolate [L1856].
Polysorbate 80 is a hydrophilic nonionic surfactant. It is utilized as a surfactant in soaps and cosmetics and also as a lubricant in eye drops. In food or pharmaceutical products, it can act as an emulsifier. Polysorbate 80 is an excipient that is used to stabilize aqueous formulations of medications for parenteral administration or vaccinations [L1852].
A solubilizing agent acts as a surfactant and increases the solubility of one agent in another. A substance that would not normally dissolve in a particular solution is able to dissolve with the use of a solubilizing agent [L1852].
It is also known as an emulsifier, which helps ingredients mix together and prevent separation, and water-containing small amounts of salts, and is included in several vaccines licensed in the USA [L1844].] |
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Octisalate
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DB11062 |
[Also known as Ethylhexyl Salicylate. Octyl salicylate is an oil soluble chemical sunscreen agent that absorbs UVB radiation. It does not protect against UVA.
Octyl salicylate is used to augment the UVB protection in a sunscreen. Salicylates are weak UVB absorbers and they are generally used in combination with other UV filters. Octyl salicylate appears to have a good safety profile.
It covers wavelength in the range 295-315 nm, peak at 307-310 nm.
It is an ester of salicylic acid and 2-ethylhexanol. The salicylate portion of the molecule absorbs ultraviolet light to protect skin from the harmful effects of exposure to sunlight, while the ethylhexanol portion functions as an emollient.] |
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Povidone
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DB11061 |
[Providone, also known as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or polyvidone, is a synthetic water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone that is used as a binder in many pharmaceutical tablets and lubricant in eye drops. It is also used in many technical applications with various roles as an adhesive, additive, and emulsifier. When in complex with iodine, [DB06812] displays antiseptic properties where the iodine, a bactericidal component, mainly contributes to this effect and povidone acts as a carrier [A32988]. [DB06812] can be found in over-the-counter topical solutions, ointment, pessaries, liquid soaps and surgical scrubs. The clinical effectiveness of [DB06812] on wound healing remains somewhat controversial, as it was demonstrated in few clinical studies that application of the compound in wounds was associated with impaired wound healing, reduced wound strength, or infection in open wounds [A32988].] |
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MBX-8025
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DB12390 |
[MBX-8025 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hyperlipidemia.] |
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Polyvinyl alcohol
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DB11060 |
[Polyvinyl alcohol is a water-soluble synthetic polymer obtained by polymerization of vinyl alcohol. It has varying roles in commercial and industrial applications such as papermaking, textiles, and printing. Polyvinyl alcohol is found in ophthalmic solutions as a lubricant to prevent irritation or to relieve dryness of the eyes [L2826].] |
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Polyethylene glycol 400
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DB11077 |
[Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are products made of condensed ethylene oxide and water that can contain various derivatives and have various functions. Because many PEG types are hydrophilic, they are favorably used as enhancers of penetration, and used heavily in topical dermatological preparations. PEGs, along with their many nonionic derivatives, are widely utilized in cosmetic products as surfactants, emulsifiers, cleansing agents, humectants, and skin conditioners [L1787].
Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) is a low-molecular-weight grade of polyethylene glycol with a low-level toxicity. It is very hydrophilic, which renders it a useful ingredient in drug formulations to augment the solubility and bioavailability of weakly water-soluble drugs. It is used in ophthalmic solutions for the relief of burning, irritation and/or discomfort that follows dryness of the eye [L1785]. PEG "400" indicates that the average molecular weight of the specific PEG is 400 [L1788].
PEGylation occurs when PEGs are attached to numerous protein medications, allowing for greater solubility for selected drugs. Examples of PEGylated medications are PEG-interferon alpha (Pegintron) and PEG-filgrastim. In addition, PEG is available as a bowel preparation for colonoscopy procedures and as a laxative [L1788].] |
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Hypromellose
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DB11075 |
[Hypromellose, or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) [L1812], is a semisynthetic, inert, and viscoelastic polymer that forms a colloid solution when dissolved in water. It acts as a thickening agent, coating polymer, bioadhesive, solubility enhancer in solid dispersions, and binder in the process of granulation and in modified release formulations [A24840]. It is a commonly used as a delivery component in oral pharmaceutical products that provides the release of a drug in a controlled fashion, effectively increasing the duration of release of a drug to prolong its therapeutic effects [A24839]. Hypromellose is also found in eye drops as a lubricant [L1803].] |
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Trolamine salicylate
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DB11079 |
[Trolamine salicylate is an organic compound or a salt formed between triethanolamine and salicylic acid. Triethanolamine neutralizes the acidity of the salicylic acid. It is a topical analgesic used for temporary relief of minor pain associated with arthritis, simple backache, muscle strains, sprains, and bruises. Unlike other topical analgesics, trolamine salicylate has no distinct odor which improves patient acceptability [A32189]. It also displays low systemic absorption upon dermal or topical administration [A32190] and has low skin irritant properties [A32191]. As with other salicylates, trolamine salicylate is an inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase (COX) enzymes with no reported selectivity towards a specific enzyme isoform. Trolamine salicylate serves as an active ingredient in topical over-the-counter products for temporary management of mild to moderate muscular and joint pains.] |
