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Distigmine
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DB13694 |
[Distigmine is a parasympathomimetic agent with a longer duration of action and enhanced drug accumulation compared to [DB00545] and [DB01400]. It is an anticholinergic drug and long-acting reversible carbamate cholinesterase inhibitor that binds directly and competitively to the agonist binding sites of muscurinic receptors. Distigmine is available in several countries as a treatment of underactive detrusor and voiding dysfunction in the urinary tract where the active ingredient is distigmine bromide. It improves detrusor function thereby restoring normal voiding patterns in patients suffering from detrusor underactivity [A27176].] |
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Influenza B virus B/Phuket/3073/2013 live (attenuated) antigen
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DB11036 |
[A seasonally-specific component of the influenza vaccine. The influenza vaccine, also known as the "flu shot", is a vaccine that protects against infection from the influenza viruses. Vaccines provide protection from influenza by exposing the immune system to the virus (or parts of the virus) which stimulates an immunological defence against future exposure to the virus, or "antigen". This defence includes the production of humoral immunity through the development of antibodies (through memory B cells) and of cell-mediated immunity through the production of T-lymphocytes. Upon re-exposure to infectious influenza virus, the immune system is prepared to identify and destroy the virus as there are circulating antibodies that recognize that particular component of the virus that it was previously exposed to.
There are two basic types of vaccines available: inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) and live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). Inactivated vaccines contain a virus particle that has been grown in media and then subsequently killed, or inactivated, through exposure to heat or chemicals such as formaldehyde 3. Inactivated virus cannot replicate, and therefore cannot cause disease from infection, even in immunocompromised individuals. In contrast, live vaccines are produced from "wild-type" or disease-causing viruses that have been attenuated, or weakened, through various laboratory techniques. Live vaccines maintain their replicative ability.] |
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Penthienate
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DB13695 |
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Betrixaban
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DB12364 |
[Betrixaban is a non-vitamin K oral anticoagulant whose action is driven by the competitive and reversible inhibition of the factor Xa [A7708]. It was selected among all lead compounds due to its low hERG channel affinity while sustaining its factor Xa inhibition capacity [A27286]. Betrixaban, now developed by Portola Pharmaceuticals Inc., is prescribed as a venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylactic for adult patients with moderate to severe restricted motility or with other risks for VTE [A27285]. VTE can be manifested as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism and it is a leading cause of preventable death in hospitalized patients [A27287].] |
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Perzinfotel
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DB12365 |
[Perzinfotel has been used in trials studying the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Neuropathy, Painful.] |
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Bromochlorosalicylanilide
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DB13696 |
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Influenza A virus A/Switzerland/9715293/2013 (H3N2) live (attenuated) antigen
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DB11035 |
[A seasonally-specific component of the influenza vaccine. The influenza vaccine, also known as the "flu shot", is a vaccine that protects against infection from the influenza viruses. Vaccines provide protection from influenza by exposing the immune system to the virus (or parts of the virus) which stimulates an immunological defence against future exposure to the virus, or "antigen". This defence includes the production of humoral immunity through the development of antibodies (through memory B cells) and of cell-mediated immunity through the production of T-lymphocytes. Upon re-exposure to infectious influenza virus, the immune system is prepared to identify and destroy the virus as there are circulating antibodies that recognize that particular component of the virus that it was previously exposed to.
There are two basic types of vaccines available: inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) and live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). Inactivated vaccines contain a virus particle that has been grown in media and then subsequently killed, or inactivated, through exposure to heat or chemicals such as formaldehyde 3. Inactivated virus cannot replicate, and therefore cannot cause disease from infection, even in immunocompromised individuals. In contrast, live vaccines are produced from "wild-type" or disease-causing viruses that have been attenuated, or weakened, through various laboratory techniques. Live vaccines maintain their replicative ability.] |
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Vinyl ether
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DB13690 |
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PF-03654764
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DB12360 |
[PF-03654764 has been used in trials studying the basic science and treatment of Allergic Rhinitis.] |
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Acetyldigoxin
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DB13691 |
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Piclozotan
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DB12361 |
[Piclozotan has been investigated for the treatment of Parkinson's Disease.] |
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Tretoquinol
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DB13692 |
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Vespula germanica venom protein
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DB11030 |
[Vespula germanica venom protein is an extract of Vespula germanica venom. Vespula germanica venom protein is used in allergenic testing.] |
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Phenylephrine
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DB00388 |
[Phenylephrine is an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist used to treat hypotension,[L9416,L9410] dilate the pupil,[L9413] and induce local vasoconstriction.[A187370] The action of phenylephrine, or neo-synephrine, was first described in literature in the 1930s.[A187376]
Phenylephrine was granted FDA approval in 1939.[L9413]] |
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Procyclidine
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DB00387 |
[A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.] |
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Carbimazole
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DB00389 |
[An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to methimazole, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.] |
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Triamterene
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DB00384 |
[Triamterene (2,4,7-triamino-6-phenylpteridine) is a potassium-sparing diuretic that is used in the management of hypertension. It works by promoting the excretion of sodium ions and water while decreasing the potassium excretion in the distal part of the nephron in the kidneys by working on the lumenal side.[A177985] Since it acts on the distal nephron where only a small fraction of sodium ion reabsorption occurs, triamterene is reported to have limited diuretic efficacy.[T28] Due to its effects on increased serum potassium levels, triamterene is associated with a risk of producing hyperkalemia. Triamterene is a weak antagonist of folic acid, and a photosensitizing drug.[L6163]
Triamterene was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the U.S. in 1964.[L6163] Currently, triamterene is used in the treatment of edema associated with various conditions as monotherapy and is approved for use with other diuretics to enhance diuretic and potassium-sparing effects.[L6166] It is also found in a combination product with hydrochlorothiazide that is used for the management of hypertension or treatment of edema in patients who develop hypokalemia on hydrochlorothiazide alone.] |
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Oxyphencyclimine
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DB00383 |
[Oxyphencyclimine is an anticholinergic drug (trade name Daricon) used in treating peptic ulcers.] |
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Valrubicin
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DB00385 |
[Valrubicin (N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate) is a chemotherapy drug commonly marketed under the trade name VALSTAR. It is a semisynthetic analog of the [doxorubicin], which is an anthracycline drug. Used in the treatment of the bladder cancer, valrubicin is administered by direct infusion into the bladder.] |
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Docusate
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DB11089 |
[Docusate, or dioctyl sulfosuccinate, is a stool softener indicated for the treatment of constipation[A32201]. Docusate acts by increasing the amount of water the stool absorbs in the gut, making the stool softer and easier to pass [L1801]. Docusate can be orally or rectally administered. Docusate is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines[L5915]. However the effectiveness of docusate in treating constipation remains unclear, as several studies report docusate to be no more effective than placebo for increasing the frequency of stool or stool softening [A32200,A32202,A176987]. Recently there has been pressure to stop prescribing docusate as it has been identified as an ineffective medicine[A176972,A176987,L5912]. Additionally, it does not appear to lessen symptoms associated with constipation such as abdominal cramps. Still docusate is available in over-the-counter products as a common laxative.] |
