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1-O-[O-Nitrophenyl]-Beta-D-Galactopyranose
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DB01920 |
[Includes ortho-, meta-, and para-nitrophenylgalactosides. [PubChem]] |
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L-Xylulose 5-Phosphate
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DB01923 |
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Maltosyl-Alpha (1,4)-D-Gluconhydroximo-1,5-Lactam
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DB01922 |
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Volixibat
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DB13914 |
[Volixibat, also known as SHP626 or LUM002, is an investigational drug that will potentially be used for the treatment of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). If approved for use, it will be the first available agent for the treatment of NASH.
Volixibat is a selective inhibitor of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT), a transmembrane protein primarily expressed by enterocytes of the ileum. Also known as the ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT), ASBT is primarily responsible for the enterohepatic recirculation of bile acids and ultimately for hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism [A32120]. Inhibiting this enzyme results in a decrease of bile acids returning to the liver, which is helpful for the treatment of NASH as abnormal cholesterol metabolism and accumulation of free cholesterol in the liver have been implicated in its pathogenesis[A32119].
According to Shire, the pharmaceutical manufacturer of Volixibat, it has been granted fast track status by the Food and Drug Administration due to promising initial results and a need for therapeutic treatments for NASH[L1662].] |
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Axicabtagene ciloleucel
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DB13915 |
[Axicabtagene ciloleucel is a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for the treatment of Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which is a type of a non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). It is the second cell-based gene therapy that is FDA-approved but the first in the treatment of large B-cell lymphoma in adult patients. Uniquely, axicabtagene ciloleucel utilizes each patient’s own immune system where each dose of the drug consists of the patient's genetically modified T-cells that were previously collected. The modified version of the T-cell expresses a new gene that targets and kills the lymphoma cells and is infused back into the patient.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of NHL in adults that mostly originates from the lymph nodes but can initiate outside of the lymphatic system. Lymphoma cells appear to be much larger in size than normal lymphocytes. In a multicenter clinical trial, the patients who were treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel achieved the complete remission rate of 51%.
Developed by Kite Pharma, Inc., it was approved on October 18th, 2017 by the FDA as an intravenously infused anticancer therapy and is marketed under the brand name Yescarta.] |
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Toyocamycin
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DB13916 |
[4-Amino-5-cyano-7-(D-ribofuranosyl)-7H- pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine. Antibiotic antimetabolite isolated from Streptomyces toyocaensis cultures. It is an analog of adenosine, blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and is used mainly as a tool in biochemistry.] |
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Deoxyepinephrine
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DB13917 |
[Sympathomimetic, vasoconstrictor agent.] |
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Valproate bismuth
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DB13910 |
[Valproate bismuth is available in Canada in the over-the-counter medication Neo-Laryngobis.] |
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Phloxine B
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DB13911 |
[Phloxine B (commonly known simply as phloxine, also known as D&C RED NO. 28) is a color additive which is used both as an inactive ingredient to provide color to products, or as a colorant in dental disclosing tablets. These tablets allow patients to visualise areas where more brushing and flossing are needed.] |
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Coumermycin A1
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DB13912 |
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Belladonna
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DB13913 |
[Belladonna, also known as atropa belladonna or deadly nightshade, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the nightshade family _Solanaceae_. Its roots, leaves and fruits contain [DB00424], [DB00747], and mostly, [DB00572]. These alkaloids are naturally-occurring muscarinic antagonists. [DB00572] is a non-selective muscarinic antagonist that is mainly used as an adjunct for anaesthesia. The name "belladonna" originates from the Italian words "beautiful woman" and the historical use of herb eye-drops by women to dilate the pupils of the eyes for aesthetic purposes. Belladonna is a poisonous plant and belladonna intoxication from accidental ingestion may result in a severe anticholinergic syndrome, which is associated with both central and peripheral manifestations [A32494].] |
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5-Chloryl-2,4,6-Quinazolinetriamine
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DB01929 |
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Sulindac
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DB00605 |
[Sulindac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the arylalkanoic acid class that is marketed by Merck under the brand name Clinoril. Like other NSAIDs, it may be used in the treatment of acute or chronic inflammatory conditions. Sulindac is a prodrug, derived from sulfinylindene, that is converted _in vivo_ to an active sulfide compound by liver enzymes. There is evidence from some studies that sulindac may be associated with fewer gastrointestinal side effects than other NSAIDs, except for the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor drug class. This may be due to the sulfide metabolite undergoing enterohepatic circulation thus maintaining constant blood levels of the compound without inducing gastrointestinal effects, where the drug is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestines. While its full mechanism of action is not fully understood, sulindac is thought to primarily mediate its action by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting COX-1 and COX-2.] |
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alpha-D-arabinofuranose
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DB01936 |
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Cisapride
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DB00604 |
[In many countries (including Canada) cisapride has been either withdrawn or has had its indications limited due to reports about long QT syndrome due to cisapride, which predisposes to arrhythmias. The FDA issued a warning letter regarding this risk to health care professionals and patients.] |
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3-{[(1r)-1-Benzyl-2-Sulfanylethyl]Amino}-3-Oxopropanoic Acid
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DB01935 |
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L-Histidine Beta Naphthylamide
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DB01938 |
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Nafcillin
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DB00607 |
[A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin, Naficillin is a narrow-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic drug. It is a beta-lactamase-resistant penicillin that is indicated for the treatment of Staphylococcal infections caused by strains that are resistant to other penicillins, except those caused by MRSA. It may be used as a first-line therapy in Methicillin-Sensitive *Staphylococcus aureus* infections [A20360].] |
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Guanosine-2'-monophosphate
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DB01937 |
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Cyclothiazide
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DB00606 |
[As a diuretic, cyclothiazide inhibits active chloride reabsorption at the early distal tubule via the Na-Cl cotransporter, resulting in an increase in the excretion of sodium, chloride, and water. Thiazides like cyclothiazide also inhibit sodium ion transport across the renal tubular epithelium through binding to the thiazide sensitive sodium-chloride transporter. This results in an increase in potassium excretion via the sodium-potassium exchange mechanism. The antihypertensive mechanism of cyclothiazide is less well understood although it may be mediated through its action on carbonic anhydrases in the smooth muscle or through its action on the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channel, also found in the smooth muscle. Cyclothiazide is indicated as adjunctive therapy in edema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, and corticosteroid and estrogen therapy. It is also indicated in the management of hypertension either as the sole therapeutic agent or to enhance the effectiveness of other antihypertensive drugs in the more severe forms of hypertension.] |
