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Lonoctocog alfa
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DB13998 |
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Protionamide
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DB12667 |
[Prothionamide has been used in trials studying the treatment of MDR-TB and HIV Infections.] |
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Metenkefalin
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DB12668 |
[Metenkefalin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Tumors.] |
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Moroctocog alfa
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DB13999 |
[Moroctocog alfa, also known as BDDrFVIII (B domain deleted recombinant factor VIII), is a recombinant DNA-based drug with functional characteristics comparable to those of endogenous coagulation Factor VIII, the essential human blood clotting protein that is impaired in Hemophilia A. Moroctocog alfa is identical in sequence to endogenously produced Factor VIII, but does not contain the B-domain, which has no known biological function. Moroctocog alfa is produced through recombinant DNA technology and purification, resulting in a 1438 amino acid, 170 kDa protein [FDA Label]. Clinical evaluation has shown that BDDrFVIII is pharmacokinetically equivalent to full-length recombinant FVIII [A32468, FDA Label].
Also known as Anti-Hemophilic Factor (AHF), endogenous Factor VIII is essential to the clotting process in the body due to its involvement in the clotting cascade where it is responsible for acting as a co-factor to Factor IX. Activation of Factor IX leads to a cascade of signals that results in activation of Factor X, which then results in the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, and as a result, leads to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, the fibrous protein that creates the scaffold of the clot. Replacement of Factor VIII is essential for the treatment of Hemophilia A, which is caused by mutations in the Factor VIII gene, leading to a functional deficiency or complete loss of protein. Congenital loss or deficiency of Factor VIII results in the physiologic impairment of the coagulation clotting cascade, and as a result, leads to easy bruising and bleeding. Bleeding can range in severity from minor concerns, such as nosebleeds, to more serious events such as hemorrhaging in the joints, brain, or digestive tract [A32280].
Exogenous replacement of Factor VIII is currently the cornerstone of Hemophilia treatment and is used for the prophylaxis and control of bleeding episodes. Treatment has drastically improved since the 1960s when Factor VIII protein was primarily purified from human plasma, rather than being produced through recombinant DNA technology. Unfortunately, purification of protein from human plasma carries an increased risk of transmission of blood-borne diseases such as HIV and Hepatitis, which in part contributed to the Tainted Blood Scandal in the 1980s [A31551, A32272, L2177]. Use of recombinant DNA-derived clotting factor treatments, such as Moroctocog alfa, has reduced this risk.
Other drug products with similar structure and function to Moroctocog alfa include [DB13192], which is purified Factor VIII from human pooled blood and contains both A- and B-subunits, and [DB11607], which is a fully recombinant factor VIII-Fc fusion protein which has an extended half-life compared with conventional factor VIII due to conjugation to the dimeric Fc domain of human immunoglobulin G1, a long-lived plasma protein [A31551].
Moroctocog alfa is approved by Health Canada and by the European Medicines Agency for the control and prevention of hemorrhagic episodes and for routine and surgical prophylaxis in patients with hemophilia A (congenital factor VIII deficiency or classic hemophilia). As it does not contain von Willebrand factor it is not indicated in von Willebrand’s disease [FDA Label].] |
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4SC-203
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DB12669 |
[4SC-203 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia.] |
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Letrazuril
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DB12663 |
[Letrazuril has been used in trials studying the treatment of HIV Infections and Cryptosporidiosis.] |
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AZD-7325
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DB13994 |
[AZD7325 is a high affinity, selective modulator of the GABAA receptor system. [L2936]] |
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1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-(phospho-rac-(1-glycerol))
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DB11331 |
[Palmitoyloleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol was a component of Surfaxin, discontinued in 2017, which acted as a surfactant [FDA Label]. The product was meant to compensate for alveolar surfactant deficiency and reduce to likelihood of alveolar collapse leading to acute respiratory collapse.] |
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Factor IX Complex (Human)
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DB11330 |
[Factor IX Complex is a sterile, lyophilized concentrate composed of a number of Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors found in functioning human plasma. Also known as prothrombin complex concentrate, products containing this complex often include Factor IX (antihemophilic factor B), Factor II (prothrombin), Factor X (Stuart-Prower Factor), and low levels of Factor VII (proconvertin) derived from human plasma. Many commercially available products also contain low levels of other antithrombotic proteins. For example, Kcentra (FDA) also contains the antithrombotic proteins C and S, while Bebulin VH (FDA) contains heparin. Coagulation factors are purified from pooled human plasma and subsequently sterilized and treated.
Although Factor IX Complex products contain many different coagulation components, Factor IX is the lead component for potency and efficacy, particularly when used for the treatment of bleeding associated with Hemophilia B (Factor IX deficiency). As the product Kcentra, Factor IX Complex is also indicated for the urgent reversal of acquired coagulation factor deficiency induced by Vitamin K antagonist (VKA, e.g., warfarin) therapy in adult patients experiencing acute major bleeding or requiring rapid reversal of therapy.] |
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Ferric pyrophosphate citrate
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DB13995 |
[Ferric pyrophosphate citrate is a soluble iron replacement product. Free iron presents several side effects as it can catalyze free radical formation and lipid peroxidation as well as the presence of interactions of iron in plasma. The ferric ion is strongly complexed by pyrophosphate and citrate.[A31979] FPC is categorized in Japan as a second class OTC drug.[L1420] This category is given to drugs with ingredients that in rare cases may cause health problems requiring hospitalization or worst.[L1419] It is also FDA approved since 2015.[FDA label]] |
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Indantadol
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DB12664 |
[Indantadol has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cough and Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain.] |
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Magnesium acetate
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DB13996 |
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Isoquercetin
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DB12665 |
[Isoquercetin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Kidney Cancer, Renal cell carcinoma, Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma, Thromboembolism of Vein in Pancreatic Cancer, and Thromboembolism of Vein VTE in Colorectal Cancer, among others.] |
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Baloxavir marboxil
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DB13997 |
[Baloxavir marboxil is an antiviral drug developed by Shionogi Co., a Japanese pharmaceutical company and Roche for the treatment of influenza A and influenza B infections. The drug was initially approved for use in Japan in February 2018 and approved by the FDA on October 24, 2018 [L4779], [A39895] for the treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in patients 12 years of age and older who have been symptomatic for no more than 48 hours [FDA label]. Baloxavir marboxil, a cap-endonuclease inhibitor, has a unique mechanism of action when compared to the currently existing neuraminidase inhibitor drug class used to treat influenza infections [A39894].] |
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Emapunil
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DB12666 |
[Emapunil has been used in trials studying the basic science and diagnostic of Baseline, Blocking Receptor Binding, and Neurodegenerative Disorders.] |
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Ascorbyl glucoside
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DB11335 |
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Dipropyl-4-hydroxytryptamine
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DB13990 |
[Dipropyl-4-hydroxytryptamine is the 4-hydroxyl analog of dipropyltryptamine (DPT). Dipropyl-4-hydroxytryptamine was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. This agent and its properties haven't been fully elucidated.] |
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Pipequaline
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DB13991 |
[Pipequaline is an anticonflict & anticonvulsant quinoline derivative. It is an anxiolytic drug that was never marketed. It presents a unique chemical structure that does not follow the structural properties of other drugs of its class. Pipequaline has a similar pharmacological profile to the reported for the benzodiazepines. However, it presents a significant set of anxiolytic properties with a very little sedative, amnestic or anticonvulsant effect. Due to these differences, this drug is classified as a nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic.] |
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Samatasvir
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DB12660 |
[Samatasvir has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hepatitis C, Chronic, Chronic Hepatitis C Virus, and Chronic Hepatitis C Infection.] |
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Poloxamer 188
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DB11333 |
[Poloxamer 188 (P188) is a nonionic block linear copolymer that exhibits rheologic, anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective activities in various tissue injury models [A33121]. Composed of two hydrophilic side-chains attached to a hydrophobic center core [A27218], its average molecular weight is 8400 Daltons. P188 has been approved by the FDA for more than 50 years as a therapeutic agent to reduce viscosity in the blood before transfusions [A27217]. Due to its sufactant properties, P188 may also be found in over-the-counter (OTC) products such as toothpaste, laxatives and mouthwash, and used in various cosmetic, industrial and pharmaceutical applications. There is an evidence of P188 increasing the structural stability and resealing of the plasma membrane via direct incorporation into the phospholipid bilayer [A27217]. The ability of P188 in attenuating membrane damage and cell injury has been demonstrated in a variety of _in vivo_ and _in vitro_ models [A27218]. The use of P188 as a potential treatment in different pathological conditions, such as chronic microvascular diseases and skeletal muscle deficiencies, is under investigation [A27217].] |
