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APOBEC Deaminases
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D000071478 |
[A family of conserved cytidine deaminases that catalyze the DEAMINATION of CYTIDINE to URIDINE. They are characterized by N and C-terminal zinc-dependent catalytic domains and have important functions in RNA EDITING; EPIGENTIC PROCESSES; and the INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE against viruses.
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APOBEC-1 Deaminase
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D000071479 |
[An APOBEC deaminase catalytic subunit of the apolipoprotein B (APOB) MESSENGER RNA (mRNA) editing enzyme complex that is involved in post-transcriptional editing of a CAA codon for GLYCINE to a UAA STOP CODON in the ApoB mRNA. It also functions in CGA (ARGININE) to UGA STOP CODON editing of NEUROFIBROMIN 1 mRNA and EPIGENETIC PROCESSES.
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APOBEC-3G Deaminase
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D000071480 |
[An APOBEC deaminase that functions as an inhibitor of RETROVIRIDAE replication and inhibits the mobility of RETROTRANSPOSONS via deaminase-dependent and independent mechanisms. It is selective for SINGLE-STRANDED DNA and does not deaminate double-stranded DNA or single or DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA. It exhibits potent antiviral activity against VIF PROTEIN deficient HIV-1 through the creation of hypermutations in the VIRAL DNA. It also has anti-viral activity against SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES and HEPATITIS B VIRUS.
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APUD Cells
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D001078 |
[Cells with the capacity to take up and decarboxylate the amine precursors DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE or 5-HYDROXYTRYPTOPHAN. This is a property of endocrine cells of neural and non-neural origin. APUDOMA is a general term collectively applied to tumors associated with APUD cells.
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ARNTL Transcription Factors
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D056930 |
[Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain-containing proteins that play important roles in CIRCADIAN RHYTHM regulation. They combine with CLOCK PROTEINS to form heterodimeric transcription factors that are specific for E-BOX ELEMENTS and stimulate the transcription of several E-box genes that are involved in cyclical regulation.
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AT Rich Sequence
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D020856 |
[A nucleic acid sequence that contains an above average number of ADENINE and THYMINE bases.
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AT-Hook Motifs
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D024761 |
[DNA-binding motifs, first described in one of the HMGA PROTEINS: HMG-I(Y) PROTEIN. They consist of positively charged sequences of nine amino acids centered on the invariant tripeptide glycine-arginine-proline. They act to fasten the protein to an AT RICH SEQUENCE in the DNA.
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ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1
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D064286 |
[A superfamily of integral ATP-binding cassette membrane proteins whose expression pattern is consistent with a role in lipid (cholesterol) efflux. It is implicated in TANGIER DISEASE, characterized by accumulation of cholesteryl ester in various tissues.
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ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily A
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D000073874 |
[A large, highly conserved, subfamily of ATP binding cassette transporters structurally characterized by a membrane-spanning domain composed of six ALPHA-HELICES, a large extracellular loop, nucleotide-binding domain, and a conserved cytoplasmic 80 amino acid sequence. In humans, it includes ABCA1(ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER 1) through ABCA10, as well as ABCA12 and ABCA13.
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ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily A, Member 4
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D000073882 |
[An ATP binding cassette sub-family A transporter that translocates 11-cis and all-trans isomers of N-retinylidene-phosphatidylethanolamine (RETINOIDS) from the extracellular surface to the cytoplasmic membrane surface of RETINAL ROD CELLS and RETINAL CONE CELLS. Mutations in the ABCA4 gene are associated with Stargardt Disease 1, a hereditary juvenile form of MACULAR DEGENERATION.
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ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B
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D018435 |
[A subfamily of transmembrane proteins from the superfamily of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS that are closely related in sequence to ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1. When overexpressed, they function as ATP-dependent efflux pumps able to extrude lipophilic drugs (especially ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS) from cells, causing multidrug resistance (DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE). Although ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B share functional similarities to MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS they are two distinct subclasses of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS, and have little sequence homology.
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ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1
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D020168 |
[A 170-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein from the superfamily of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS. It serves as an ATP-dependent efflux pump for a variety of chemicals, including many ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS. Overexpression of this glycoprotein is associated with multidrug resistance (see DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE).
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ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11
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D000074020 |
[ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B, protein (P-glycoproteins) that functions in the ATP-dependent secretion of BILE SALTS into the BILE CANALICULI of HEPATOCYTES. Mutations in the ABCB11 gene are associated with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis 2 (see CHOLESTASIS, INTRAHEPATIC).
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ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2
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D000071181 |
[An ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B protein (ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B) that functions in the transport of ANTIGENS from the CYTOPLASM to the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM for association with HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS CLASS I peptides. It also acts as a molecular scaffold for the final stage of MHC class I PROTEIN FOLDING.
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ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 3
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D000071450 |
[ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B, protein that functions in the transport of ANTIGENS from the CYTOPLASM to the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM for association with HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS CLASS I peptides. It functions as a heterodimer with ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 2.
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ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily D
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D000074061 |
[A sub-family of ATP-binding cassette transporters that localize to the membranes of PEROXISOMES; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; and LYSOSOMES. Members contain a transmembrane domain in their N-terminal half and generally function as homodimers in the transport of LIPIDS; BILE ACIDS; and VITAMIN B12. Mutations in some ABCD transporter genes are associated with PEROXISOMAL DISORDERS.
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ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily D, Member 1
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D000074063 |
[ATP-binding cassette transporter that functions in the import of long chain (13-21 carbons) and very long chain fatty acids (> 22 carbons), or their acyl-CoA-derivatives, into PEROXISOMES. Mutations in the ABCD1 gene are associated with the X-linked form of ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY.
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ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G
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D000070996 |
[A subfamily of ATP binding cassette transporters that function primarily in the transport of lipids and STEROLS across the CELL MEMBRANE. They also export UREA and various drugs resulting in MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE. They are smaller than most other ATP binding cassette proteins, consisting of six transmembrane alpha helices and a distinct N-terminal cytoplasmic ATP-binding domain, and function as homo- or heterodimers with other ABCG transporters.
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ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1
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D000070998 |
[ATP binding cassette transporter that functions primarily as a lipid and CHOLESTEROL exporter in MACROPHAGES. It may also function in intracellular lipid transport and homoeostasis.
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ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
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D000070997 |
[ATP-binding cassette transporter, sub-family G protein that functions as a high capacity UREA exporter, transporter of STEROLS, and in the absorption and efflux of many drugs. Its efflux activity for ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS contributes to DRUG RESISTANCE. It functions as a homodimer and is expressed by cells in a variety of organs, as well as by NEOPLASTIC STEM CELLS.
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