|
Antifoaming Agents
|
D000934 |
[Agents used to prevent the formation of foam or to treat flatulence or bloat.
] |
|
Antifreeze Proteins
|
D021301 |
[Proteins that bind to ice and modify the growth of ice crystals. They perform a cryoprotective role in a variety of organisms.
] |
|
Antifreeze Proteins, Type I
|
D021322 |
[A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS that are 3-5 kDa in size and contain a single alanine-rich amphipathic alpha-helix.
] |
|
Antifreeze Proteins, Type II
|
D021341 |
[A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS that have a cystine-rich globular structure of approximately 14 kD.
] |
|
Antifreeze Proteins, Type III
|
D021343 |
[A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS that are globular, 6.5 kDa in size and contain compact beta-sheet structures.
] |
|
Antifreeze Proteins, Type IV
|
D021302 |
[A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS that contain four amphipathic alpha-helices folded into an antiparallel helix bundle.
] |
|
Antifungal Agents
|
D000935 |
[Substances that destroy fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce. They differ from FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL because they defend against fungi present in human or animal tissues.
, Antibiotics inhibiting the growth of or killing fungi and used in the treatment of various fungal diseases.
] |
|
Antigen Presentation
|
D017951 |
[The process by which antigen is presented to lymphocytes in a form they can recognize. This is performed by antigen presenting cells (APCs). Some antigens require processing before they can be recognized. Antigen processing consists of ingestion and partial digestion of the antigen by the APC, followed by presentation of fragments on the cell surface. (From Rosen et al., Dictionary of Immunology, 1989)
] |
|
Antigen-Antibody Complex
|
D000936 |
[The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES.
] |
|
Antigen-Antibody Reactions
|
D000937 |
[The processes triggered by interactions of ANTIBODIES with their ANTIGENS.
] |
|
Antigen-Presenting Cells
|
D000938 |
[A heterogeneous group of immunocompetent cells that mediate the cellular immune response by processing and presenting antigens to the T-cells. Traditional antigen-presenting cells include MACROPHAGES; DENDRITIC CELLS; LANGERHANS CELLS; and B-LYMPHOCYTES. FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS are not traditional antigen-presenting cells, but because they hold antigen on their cell surface in the form of IMMUNE COMPLEXES for B-cell recognition they are considered so by some authors.
] |
|
Antigenic Modulation
|
D016525 |
[Loss of detectable antigen from the surface of a cell after incubation with antibodies. This is one method in which some tumors escape detection by the immune system. Antigenic modulation of target antigens also reduces the therapeutic effectiveness of treatment by monoclonal antibodies.
] |
|
Antigenic Variation
|
D000940 |
[Change in the surface ANTIGEN of a microorganism. There are two different types. One is a phenomenon, especially associated with INFLUENZA VIRUSES, where they undergo spontaneous variation both as slow antigenic drift and sudden emergence of new strains (antigenic shift). The second type is when certain PARASITES, especially trypanosomes, PLASMODIUM, and BORRELIA, survive the immune response of the host by changing the surface coat (antigen switching). (From Herbert et al., The Dictionary of Immunology, 4th ed)
, Antigenic variation as the pathogen passes through an entire host population rather than just a single host.
] |
|
Antigens
|
D000941 |
[Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.
] |
|
Antigens, Archaeal
|
D019845 |
[Substances of archaeal origin that have antigenic activity.
] |
|
Antigens, Bacterial
|
D000942 |
[Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.
] |
|
Antigens, CD
|
D015703 |
[Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.
] |
|
Antigens, CD1
|
D018949 |
[Glycoproteins expressed on cortical thymocytes and on some dendritic cells and B-cells. Their structure is similar to that of MHC Class I and their function has been postulated as similar also. CD1 antigens are highly specific markers for human LANGERHANS CELLS.
] |
|
Antigens, CD19
|
D018941 |
[Differentiation antigens expressed on B-lymphocytes and B-cell precursors. They are involved in regulation of B-cell proliferation.
] |
|
Antigens, CD1d
|
D055610 |
[A major histocompatibility complex class I-like protein that contains an IMMUNOGLOBULIN C1-SET DOMAIN. It plays a unique role in the presentation of lipid ANTIGENS to NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS.
] |
