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Apicomplexa
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D016782 |
[A phylum of unicellular parasitic EUKARYOTES characterized by the presence of complex apical organelles generally consisting of a conoid that aids in penetrating host cells, rhoptries that possibly secrete a proteolytic enzyme, and subpellicular microtubules that may be related to motility.
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Apicoplasts
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D063546 |
[Non-photosynthetic plastids derived from RED ALGAE endosymbionts. They are found in species of the phylum APICOMPLEXA including PLASMODIUM MALARAIAE.
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Apigenin
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D047310 |
[5,7,4'-trihydroxy-flavone, one of the FLAVONES.
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Apitherapy
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D056705 |
[The medical use of honey bee products such as BEE VENOM; HONEY; bee pollen; PROPOLIS; and royal jelly.
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Apium
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D000077102 |
[A genus comprising several species of flowering plants with global distribution in the family APIACEAE.
, A plant species of the family APIACEAE. The stalks are a food source.
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Aplysia
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D001048 |
[An opisthobranch mollusk of the order Anaspidea. It is used frequently in studies of nervous system development because of its large identifiable neurons. Aplysiatoxin and its derivatives are not biosynthesized by Aplysia, but acquired by ingestion of Lyngbya (seaweed) species.
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Apnea
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D001049 |
[A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.
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Apocrine Glands
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D001050 |
[Large, branched, specialized sweat glands that empty into the upper portion of a HAIR FOLLICLE instead of directly onto the SKIN.
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Apocynaceae
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D029062 |
[A plant genus of the family APOCYNACEAE.
, A plant genus of the family APOCYNACEAE. Members contain CARDENOLIDES.
, A plant genus of the family APOCYNACEAE. It contains chonemorphine, a steroidal alkaloid.
, The dogbane family of the order Gentianales. Members of the family have milky, often poisonous juice, smooth-margined leaves, and flowers in clusters.
, A plant genus of the family APOCYNACEAE that contains plumericin, uleine and demethoxyaspidospermine.
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Apocynum
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D030010 |
[A plant genus of the family APOCYNACEAE. On rare occasions it is called Milkweed, but should not be confused with true Milkweed (ASCLEPIAS).
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Apoenzymes
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D001051 |
[The protein components of enzyme complexes (HOLOENZYMES). An apoenzyme is the holoenzyme minus any cofactors (ENZYME COFACTORS) or prosthetic groups required for the enzymatic function.
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Apoferritins
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D001052 |
[The protein components of ferritins. Apoferritins are shell-like structures containing nanocavities and ferroxidase activities. Apoferritin shells are composed of 24 subunits, heteropolymers in vertebrates and homopolymers in bacteria. In vertebrates, there are two types of subunits, light chain and heavy chain. The heavy chain contains the ferroxidase activity.
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Apolipoprotein A-I
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D016632 |
[The most abundant protein component of HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS or HDL. This protein serves as an acceptor for CHOLESTEROL released from cells thus promoting efflux of cholesterol to HDL then to the LIVER for excretion from the body (reverse cholesterol transport). It also acts as a cofactor for LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE that forms CHOLESTEROL ESTERS on the HDL particles. Mutations of this gene APOA1 cause HDL deficiency, such as in FAMILIAL ALPHA LIPOPROTEIN DEFICIENCY DISEASE and in some patients with TANGIER DISEASE.
, Variants of apolipoprotein A-I. They include secreted propeptide form (isoprotein 2), the converted plasma form (isoprotein-4), and those with various substitutions or deletions.
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Apolipoprotein A-II
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D016633 |
[The second most abundant protein component of HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS or HDL. It has a high lipid affinity and is known to displace APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I from HDL particles and generates a stable HDL complex. ApoA-II can modulate the activation of LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE in the presence of APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I, thus affecting HDL metabolism.
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Apolipoprotein A-V
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D000072040 |
[A minor apolipoprotein that associates with HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (HDL), VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (VLDL), and CHYLOMICRONS. It regulates levels of plasma TRIGLYCERIDES by activating APOLIPOPROTEIN C-II LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE and inhibiting hepatic VLDL triglyceride hydrolysis.
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Apolipoprotein B-100
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D053299 |
[A 513-kDa protein synthesized in the LIVER. It serves as the major structural protein of low-density lipoproteins (LIPOPROTEINS, LDL; LIPOPROTEINS, VLDL). It is the ligand for the LDL receptor (RECEPTORS, LDL) that promotes cellular binding and internalization of LDL particles.
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Apolipoprotein B-48
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D053283 |
[A 241-kDa protein synthesized only in the INTESTINES. It serves as a structural protein of CHYLOMICRONS. Its exclusive association with chylomicron particles provides an indicator of intestinally derived lipoproteins in circulation. Apo B-48 is a shortened form of apo B-100 and lacks the LDL-receptor region.
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Apolipoprotein C-I
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D053302 |
[A 6.6-kDa protein component of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; INTERMEDIATE-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; and HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. Apo C-I displaces APO E from lipoproteins, modulate their binding to receptors (RECEPTORS, LDL), and thereby decrease their clearance from plasma. Elevated Apo C-I levels are associated with HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA and ATHEROSCLEROSIS.
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Apolipoprotein C-II
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D053304 |
[A 9-kDa protein component of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. It contains a cofactor for LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE and activates several triacylglycerol lipases. The association of Apo C-II with plasma CHYLOMICRONS; VLDL, and HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS is reversible and changes rapidly as a function of triglyceride metabolism. Clinically, Apo C-II deficiency is similar to lipoprotein lipase deficiency (HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE I) and is therefore called hyperlipoproteinemia type IB.
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Apolipoprotein C-III
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D053305 |
[A 9-kDa protein component of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS and CHYLOMICRON REMNANTS. Apo C-III, synthesized in the liver, is an inhibitor of LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE. Apo C-III modulates the binding of chylomicron remnants and VLDL to receptors (RECEPTORS, LDL) thus decreases the uptake of triglyceride-rich particles by the liver cells and subsequent degradation. The normal Apo C-III is glycosylated. There are several polymorphic forms with varying amounts of SIALIC ACID (Apo C-III-0, Apo C-III-1, and Apo C-III-2).
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