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Benzylparaben
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DB14176 |
[Benzylparaben is used in allergenic testing.] |
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alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde
|
DB14175 |
[alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde has a jasmine-like odor and is a widely used synthetic fragrance & suspected allergen. It is used in allergenic testing.] |
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Artemisia vulgaris root
|
DB14170 |
[Artemisia vulgaris root allergenic extract is used in allergenic testing.] |
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Evernia prunastri
|
DB14172 |
[Evernia prunastri allergenic extract is used in allergenic testing.] |
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Penicillium glaucum
|
DB14171 |
[Penicillium glaucum allergenic extract is used in allergenic testing.] |
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2-Bromoacetyl Group
|
DB02198 |
|
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1,3-Dedimethyl-1,3-Divinyl Heme
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DB02199 |
|
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Ethylenediamine
|
DB14189 |
[Ethylenediamine is an organic compound that is used as a building block for the production of many other chemical products. It is also used as an excipient in many pharmacological preparations such as creams. Notably, ethylenediamine is a contact sensitizer capable of producing local and generalized reactions [A34285]. Sensitivity to ethylenediamine may be identified with a clinical patch test.] |
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Isoeugenol
|
DB14188 |
[Isoeugenol is a commonly used fragrance added to many commercially available products, and occurs naturally in the essential oils of plants such as ylang-ylang. It is also a significant dermatologic sensitizer and allergen, and as a result has been restricted to 200 p.p.m. since 1998 according to guidelines issued by the fragrance industry [A34278]. Allergic reactivity to Isoeugenol may be identified with a patch test.] |
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Aripiprazole lauroxil
|
DB14185 |
[Aripiprazole lauroxil is a long-acting injectable atypical antipsychotic drug used in the treatment of schizophrenia in adult patients. It is a prodrug of [aripiprazole], which acts as a partial agonist at the D2 and 5-HT1A receptors, and as an antagonist at the 5-HT2A receptors [A34289].
Affecting about 1% of the adult population in the United States and approximately 26 million people worldwide, schizophrenia is a chronic neurological disorder that may result in impairments in cognition and executive functions [A34289]. The quality of life in patients is greatly reduced due to negative health outcomes, and oftentimes the patients are faced with social stigma and discriminations. Schizophrenia is characterized by positive symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, thought disorders, and catanoia, and negative symptoms that include social withdrawal, anhedonia, and flattening of emotional responses [T28]. D2 receptors have been the most common target for antipsychotic agents used in the treatment of schizophrenia: the positive symptoms are thought to arise from overactivity in the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway activating D2 receptors, whereas negative symptoms may result from a decreased activity in the mesocortical dopaminergic pathway with D1 receptors predominating [T28]. In a randomized, double-blind clinical trial, treatment of aripiprazole lauroxil in adult patients with schizophrenia resulted in improvement of positive and negative symptoms scores at day 85 of treatment [A34289, A34301].
Aripiprazole lauroxil was initially approved by the FDA in October 2015 under the market name Aristada for the treatment of schizophrenia. It is administered via intramuscular injection, and requires the establishment of tolerability prior to dosing in treatment-naïve patients [FDA Label]. On July 2nd, a different formulation of aripiprazole lauroxil marketed as Aristada Initio was FDA-approved for immediate initiation of Aristada at any dose. The patients may receive Aristada Initio in combination with a single 30 mg oral dose of aripiprazole to achieve appropriate levels of aripiprazole more rapidly. Long-acting injectable aripiprazole lauroxil displayed comparable efficacy and safety to aripiprazole [A34301], and reduced dosing frequency improves patient adherence.] |
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Cinnamaldehyde
|
DB14184 |
[Cinnamaldehyde is a naturally occurring flavonoid that gives the spice cinnamon its flavour and odour. It occurs naturally in the bark of cinnamon trees and other species of the genus Cinnamomum such as camphor and cassia.
Sensitivity to cinnamaldehyde may be identified with a clinical patch test.] |
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Hydroxycitronellal
|
DB14187 |
[Hydroxycitronellal is a synthetic fragrance that is widely used in many cosmetics and hygiene products such as deodorants, soaps, antiseptics, and other household items. It has the smell of lilac, lily, and lily of the valley [A34269]. Hydroxycitronellal has also been shown to be a dermatologic irritant and allergen, and as a result commercially available products are restricted by the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) to contain only 0.1-3.6%.
Sensitivity to hydroxycitronellal may be identified with a clinical patch test.] |
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Cinnamyl alcohol
|
DB14186 |
[Cinnamyl alcohol is a naturally occurring compound that is found within cinnamon. Due to the low levels found in cinnamon, cinnamyl alcohol is usually supplied as [DB14184] within commercial products.
Cinnamyl alcohol has been shown to be a skin sensitizer, with a NOEL (No Effect Level) of ~4% [A34266]. Sensitivity to cinnamyl alcohol may be identified with a clinical patch test.] |
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Lanolin alcohols
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DB14181 |
[Lanolin alcohols are a complex combination of organic alcohols obtained by the hydrolysis of lanolin. It is administered as an ointment base with topical insulin and has shown to be antagonistic to wound healing. It is commonly used in allergenic testing.] |
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Nickel sulfate
|
DB14180 |
[Nickel sulfate is used in allergenic testing.] |
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Geraniol
|
DB14183 |
[Geraniol is a monoterpene that is found within many essential oils of fruits, vegetables, and herbs including rose oil, citronella, lemongrass, lavender, and other aromatic plants. It is emitted from the flowers of many species of plant and is commonly used by the food, fragrance, and cosmetic industry[L3333]. Geraniol has demonstrated a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and neuroprotective to name a few [A34260,A34261,A34262]. Interestingly, geraniol has also been shown to sensitize tumour cells to commonly used chemotherapies including [DB00544] and [DB01248] and represents a promising cancer chemopreventive agent [A34263]. Due to its anticancer effects, geraniol has been found to be effective against a broad range of cancers including breast, lung, colon, prostate, pancreatic, skin, liver, kidney and oral cancers [A34262].
These pharmacologic effects are clinically important as geraniol is classified as generally-recognized-as-safe (GRAS) by the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States. Sensitivity to geraniol may be identified with a clinical patch test.] |
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Dichromate
|
DB14182 |
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