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Azadirachta indica leaf
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DB14352 |
[Azadirachta indica leaf is a plant/plant extract used in some OTC (over-the-counter) products. It is not an approved drug.] |
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Usnea barbata
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DB14351 |
[Usnea barbata is a plant/plant extract used in some OTC (over-the-counter) products. It is not an approved drug.] |
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123I-iodometomidate
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DB13021 |
[123I-iodometomidate is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00454103 (Evaluation of 123I-Iodometomidate for Adrenal Scintigraphy).] |
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Abacavir
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DB01048 |
[Abacavir (ABC) is a powerful nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) used to treat HIV and AIDS. Chemically, it is a synthetic carbocyclic nucleoside and is the enantiomer with 1S, 4R absolute configuration on the cyclopentene ring. In vivo, abacavir sulfate dissociates to its free base, abacavir.] |
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Fluocinonide
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DB01047 |
[A topical glucocorticoid used in the treatment of eczema.] |
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MMI-175
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DB02378 |
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Beta-D-Glucose
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DB02379 |
[A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.] |
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Ergoloid mesylate
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DB01049 |
[Ergoloid Mesylate is an equiproportional preparation of three different ergotamantriones: dihydroergocornine, dihydroergocristine, and dihydroergocryptine.[A32912] All these components are produced by the fungus _Claviceps purpurea_ and are all derivatives of the tetracyclic compound 6-methylergonovine.[T90] The derivatives of this fungus are identified to be about 350 different substances from which the components of the ergoloid mesylate mixture are composed of the dihydrogenated ergot alkaloid derivatives.[A32914] The mixture of ergoloid mesylate was first developed by Novartis and FDA approved on November 5, 1953, but this specific formulation is now discontinued.[L2639]Later in 1991, the mixture of ergoloid mesylates was retaken by Sun Pharmaceutical Industries and approved by the FDA.[L2640] To know more about the individual components of the ergoloid mixture, please visit [DB11275], [DB11274], [DB11273] and [DB13345].] |
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D-gluconhydroximo-1,5-lactam
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DB02376 |
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Gatifloxacin
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DB01044 |
[Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic agent and a member of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family. It works by inhibiting the bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. It was first introduced by Bristol-Myers Squibb in 1999 under the brand name Tequin® for the treatment of respiratory tract infections. Gatifloxacin is available as tablets and in various aqueous solutions for intravenous therapy. It is also available as eye drops under the brand name Zymar® marketed by Allergan.] |
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Guanine
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DB02377 |
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Memantine
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DB01043 |
[Initially approved by the FDA in 2013, memantine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist used in the management of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). It is different from many other Alzheimer's Disease medications, as it works by a different mechanism than the cholinesterase enzyme inhibitors normally employed in the management of Alzheimer's disease [A1639]. Memantine blocks the effects of glutamate, a neurotransmitter in the brain that leads to neuronal excitability and excessive stimulation in Alzheimer's Disease [T556].
In 2010, it was estimated that 36 million people worldwide live with Alzheimer's Disease. In 2013, this number increased to 44 million. Almost doubling every 20 years, the prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease is predicted to reach 66 million by 2030 and to 115 million by 2050 [F4366]. In December 2013, the G8 dementia summit concluded that dementia should be considered a global priority with the objective of developing a cure or a disease-modifying therapy by the year 2025 [L5953, F4366].] |
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Lubiprostone
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DB01046 |
[Lubiprostone is a medication used in the management of idiopathic chronic constipation. A prostaglandin E1 derivative, lubiprostone is a bicyclic fatty acid that activates ClC-2 chloride channels located on the apical side of the gastrointestinal epithelial cells. Activation of these channels promotes the secretion of a chloride-rich fluid that soften the stool, increase gastrointestinal motility, and induce spontaneous bowel movements (SBM).] |
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Xylose-Derived Imidazole
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DB02374 |
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Myricetin
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DB02375 |
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Rifampicin
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DB01045 |
[A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)] |
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Tolrestat
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DB02383 |
[Tolrestat (INN) (AY-27773) is an aldose reductase inhibitor which was approved for the control of certain diabetic complications. While it was approved for marketed in several countries, it failed a Phase III trial in the U.S. due to toxicity and never received FDA approval. It was sold under the tradename Alredase but was discontinued by Wyeth in 1997 because of the risk of severe liver toxicity and death.] |
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Novobiocin
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DB01051 |
[Novobiocin is an antibiotic compound derived from _Streptomyces niveus_. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189)] |
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Ibuprofen
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DB01050 |
[Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) derived from propionic acid and it is considered the first of the propionics.[A39074] The formula of ibuprofen is 2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propionic acid and its initial development was in 1960 while researching for a safer alternative for aspirin.[A39075] Ibuprofen was finally patented in 1961 and this drug was first launched against rheumatoid arthritis in the UK in 1969 and USA in 1974. It was the first available over-the-counter NSAID.[A39076]
On the available products, ibuprofen is administered as a racemic mixture. Once administered, the R-enantiomer undergoes extensive interconversion to the S-enantiomer _in vivo_ by the activity of the alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase. In particular, it is generally proposed that the S-enantiomer is capable of eliciting stronger pharmacological activity than the R-enantiomer.[A39194]] |
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(E)-2-Fluoro-P-Hydroxycinnamate
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DB02384 |
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