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Etofamide
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DB13258 |
[Etofamide is used as an antiamoebic agent. Etofamide, under the brand name Kitnos, was marketed in Brazil by Pfizer but has been discontinued [L5617].] |
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Ethyl chloride
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DB13259 |
[Ethyl chloride, or chloroethane, has a chemical formula C2H5Cl. It was commonly used in the production of tetraethyllead (TEL), which is an additive for gasoline. It was also used in other commerical applications as a chemical reagent. It is still used in the treatment of cellulose to make ethylcellulose for commercial products. Ethyl chloride is used as a diagnostic tool to detect a dead tooth with nonviable pulp.] |
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Proxibarbal
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DB13253 |
[Proxibarbal is a derivative of barbiturates, which has been used to treat migraines. Proxibarbal was approved in France but was withdrawn from the market due to the risk of inducing immunoallergic thrombocytopenia [L5476].] |
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Plantago ovata seed
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DB14585 |
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Segesterone
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DB14584 |
|
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Prifinium
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DB13254 |
[Prifinium is an antimuscarinic agent with antispasmodic and antiemetic properties. It may be useful for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome [A175027].] |
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Influenza A virus A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 IVR-186 (H3N2) antigen (formaldehyde inactivated)
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DB14587 |
[A seasonally-specific component of the influenza vaccine. The influenza vaccine, also known as the "flu shot", is a vaccine that protects against infection from the influenza viruses. Vaccines provide protection from influenza by exposing the immune system to the virus (or parts of the virus) which stimulates an immunological defence against future exposure to the virus, or "antigen". This defence includes the production of humoral immunity through the development of antibodies (through memory B cells) and of cell-mediated immunity through the production of T-lymphocytes. Upon re-exposure to infectious influenza virus, the immune system is prepared to identify and destroy the virus as there are circulating antibodies that recognize that particular component of the virus that it was previously exposed to.
There are two basic types of vaccines available: inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) and live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). Inactivated vaccines contain a virus particle that has been grown in media and then subsequently killed, or inactivated, through exposure to heat or chemicals such as formaldehyde 3. Inactivated virus cannot replicate, and therefore cannot cause disease from infection, even in immunocompromised individuals. In contrast, live vaccines are produced from "wild-type" or disease-causing viruses that have been attenuated, or weakened, through various laboratory techniques. Live vaccines maintain their replicative ability.] |
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Propatyl nitrate
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DB13255 |
|
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Clothiapine
|
DB13256 |
[Clothiapine has been approved in European countries and is an atypical antipsychotic, shown to be useful in some treatment-resistant patients.] |
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Citrus bioflavonoids
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DB14586 |
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CPI-1205
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DB14581 |
[Potent and selective histone methyltransferase EZH2 inhibitor.] |
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BAN-2401
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DB14580 |
[BAN-2401 is an experimental drug that is currently in clinical trials for the treament of Alzheimer's disease.] |
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Methylmethionine chloride
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DB13250 |
[Methylmethionine chloride may be useful in helping the healing of gastric ulcers. In Japan, it is used as an over the counter product for gastrointestinal health support. It is also called "Vitamin U", but it is not a true vitamin.] |
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Octopamine
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DB13251 |
[Octopamine is structurally similar to norepinephrine. It has been used as a nootropic, and therefore it and all of its enantiomer are prohibited by the World Anti-doping Agency (WADA) as of 2014.] |
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Segesterone acetate
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DB14583 |
[Segesterone acetate is a steroidal progestin or synthetic progesterone and a 19-norprogesterone derivative with no CH3 group radical in position 6 [A37048]. In animal studies, segesterone acetate was shown to be one of the most potent progestins [A37090]. It mediates progestational activity 100 times higher than that of [progesterone] [A37092]. It is commonly sold under the brand names Nestorone and Elcometrine and serves as an active component in hormonal contraceptives. It is also used as a treatment for endometriosis in South American countries. Segesterone acetate binds selectively to progesterone receptors and not androgen receptors [A37083]. Due to its rapid hepatic metabolism, segesterone acetate must be administered parenterally [A37090]. Segesterone acetate is not an orally active compound, but it is proved to be a potent anti-ovulatory agent when given in implants, vaginal rings or percutaneous gel [A37090].
On August 10, 2018, Annovera™ containing segesterone acetate and [ethinyl estradiol] was granted approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as the first and only contraceptive that provides an entire year of protection against unintended pregnancy while entirely under a woman's control. According to the Center for Disease Control, more than 43 million women in the U.S. are at risk of unintended pregnancy, which may be associated with an elevated risk for improper prenatal care, premature and low-birth-weight infants, and physical and mental health risks [L4246]. The introduction of this new contraceptive method offers an expansion of birth control options for women while maintaining high efficacy and acceptability similar to existing shorter-acting combined hormonal methods [A37083]. In clinical trials, Annovera™ achieved a 97.3% success in pregnancy prevention [L4246]. Annovera™ is administered as a vaginal ring that is in place for 21 days and removed for 7 days each cycle. As with other hormonal contraceptives, Annovera™ carries the risk for serious cardiovascular events.] |
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Patisiran
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DB14582 |
[Parisiran is a first in class short interfering RNA for the treatment of patients with polyneuropathy caused by hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis [L4220]. It is marketed as Onpattro which is formulated as patisiran within a liposome envelope for better delivery to the liver, where transthyretin is produced. The approval for Onpattro was granted to Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in August of 2018. Onpattro has been granted Fast Track, Priority Review and Breakthrough Therapy, and Orphan Drug designations.] |
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Tropatepine
|
DB13252 |
[Tropatepine has been used in France for its antiparkinsons activities [A175024].] |
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Galsulfase
|
DB01279 |
[Galsufase is a variant form of the polymorphic human enzyme N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfatase of recombinant DNA origin. Galsulfase is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 56 kD. The recombinant protein is comprised of 495 amino acids and contains six asparagine-linked glycosylation sites, four of which carry a bis mannose-6-phosphate manose7 oligosaccharide for specific cellular recognition. Post-translational modification of Cys53 produces the catalytic amino acid residue Ca-formylglycine, which is required for enzyme activity and is conserved in all members of the sulfatase enzyme family.] |
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Pramlintide
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DB01278 |
[Pramlintide is a relatively new adjunct treatment for diabetes (both type 1 and 2), developed by Amylin Pharmaceuticals. It is derived from amylin, a hormone that is released into the bloodstream, in a similar pattern as insulin, after a meal. Like insulin, amylin is deficient in individuals with diabetes.] |
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Hydralazine
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DB01275 |
[Originally developed in the 1950s as a malaria treatment, hydralazine showed antihypertensive ability and was soon repurposed.[A186841] Hydralazine is a hydrazine derivative vasodilator used alone or as adjunct therapy in the treatment of hypertension and only as adjunct therapy in the treatment of heart failure.[A186820,L8782,L8785] Hydralazine is no longer a first line therapy for these indications since the development of newer antihypertensive medications.[T691]
Hydralazine hydrochloride was FDA approved on 15 January 1953.[L8779]] |
