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Acetyldihydrocodeine
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DB01538 |
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Dansylamide
|
DB02866 |
|
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D-Mannose 1-Phosphate
|
DB02867 |
|
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Reserpine
|
DB00206 |
[An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.] |
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4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine
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DB01537 |
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Biliverdin Ix Gamma Chromophore
|
DB02864 |
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Caffeine
|
DB00201 |
[Caffeine is a drug of the methylxanthine class used for a variety of purposes, including certain respiratory conditions of the premature newborn, pain relief, and to combat drowsiness. Caffeine is similar in chemical structure to [Theophylline] and [Theobromine].[A187691,L9851] It can be sourced from coffee beans, but also occurs naturally in various teas and cacao beans, which are different than coffee beans.[T716] Caffeine is also used in a variety of cosmetic products and can be administered topically, orally, by inhalation, or by injection.[T716]
The caffeine citrate injection, used for apnea of the premature newborn, was initially approved by the FDA in 1999.[L9863] According to an article from 2017, more than 15 million babies are born prematurely worldwide. This correlates to about 1 in 10 births. Premature birth can lead to apnea and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a condition that interferes with lung development and may eventually cause asthma or early onset emphysema in those born prematurely.[A187694] Caffeine is beneficial in preventing and treating apnea and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in newborns, improving the quality of life of premature infants.[T716]] |
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α-Methylacetylfentanyl
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DB01532 |
[α-Methylacetylfentanyl is an analog of fentanyl with opioid analgesic properties. It was categorized under the Schedule I in the US and it was illegally sold in early 1980. α-Methylacetylfentanyl synthesis process is very similar to α-methylfentanyl with the substitution of the acetic anhydride for the production of chemical propionic anhydride in the synthesis.] |
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Glucosamine 4-Phosphate
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DB02865 |
|
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Hydroxocobalamin
|
DB00200 |
[Hydroxocobalamin, also known as vitamin B12a and hydroxycobalamin, is an injectable form of vitamin B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat vitamin B 12 deficiency. It is also used in cyanide poisoning, Leber's optic atrophy, and toxic amblyopia.] |
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Desomorphine
|
DB01531 |
|
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Chlorhexadol
|
DB01534 |
[Chlorhexadol is a sedative and hypnotic which is regulated in the United States as a Schedule III controlled substance. It is a derivative of chloral hydrate.] |
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Sildenafil
|
DB00203 |
[In eliciting its mechanism of action, sildenafil ultimately prevents or minimizes the breakdown of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) by inhibiting cGMP specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) [F3850, F3853, F3856, F3859, F3883, F3886, L5611, L5614]. The result of doing so allows cGMP present in both the penis and pulmonary vasculature to elicit smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation that subsequently facilitates relief in pulmonary arterial hypertension and the increased flow of blood into the spongy erectile tissue of the penis that consequently allows it to grow in size and become erect and rigid [F3850, F3853, F3856, F3859, F3883, F3886, L5611, L5614].
Interestingly enough, it is precisely via this mechanism why sildenafil was at first researched as a potential treatment for angina - or chest pain associated with inadequate blood flow to the heart - before being serendipitously indicated for treating erectile dysfunction in the late 1980s [A175732]. Nevertheless, it is because of this mechanism that sildenafil is also indicated for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension but is also additionally notorious for interacting with various anti-anginal or anti-hypertensive agents to develop potentially rapid, excessive, and/or fatal hypotensive crises [A175579, A175582, A175654].
Regardless, sildenafil, among a variety of other similar or related PDE5 inhibitors, has become a common and effective treatment for erectile dysfunction and since its formal approval for medical use in the public in 1998 [A175732], continues to see millions of prescriptions written for it internationally. Although the medication has historically been most popularly recognized as Pfizer's brand name Viagra, sildenafil is currently available generically and even as a non-prescription over the counter medication in some countries [L5656].] |
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Gluco-Phenylimidazole
|
DB02862 |
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Diethylthiambutene
|
DB01533 |
|
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Succinylcholine
|
DB00202 |
[A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.] |
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Calyculin A
|
DB02860 |
|
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4-(Aminosulfonyl)-N-[(3,4,5-Trifluorophenyl)Methyl]-Benzamide
|
DB02861 |
|
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5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol
|
DB01530 |
|
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Pegapamodutide
|
DB14817 |
[Pegapamodutide is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02188303 (A Study of LY2944876 in Healthy Japanese and Non-Japanese Participants).] |
