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Beclomethasone dipropionate
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DB00394 |
[Beclomethasone dipropionate is a second-generation synthetic corticosteroid agent [A179842] and a diester of [beclomethasone], which is structurally similar to [dexamethasone].[L6871] It is a prodrug of an active metabolite beclomethasone 17-monopropionate (17-BMP)[A179839] which acts on the glucocorticoid receptor to mediates its therapeutic action. Beclomethasone dipropionate itself posesses weak glucocorticoid receptor binding affinity and is rapidly converted into 17-BMP upon administration.[A179839] Formulations for oral inhalation, intranasal, and topical use are available for beclomethasone dipropionate. Beclomethasone dipropionate became first available in a pressurized metered-dose inhaler in 1972 and later in a dry powder inhaler and an aqueous nasal spray.[A179839] Due to its anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and anti-allergy properties, beclomethasone dipropionate is used in various inflammatory conditions, such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and dermatoses to reduce symptoms. When inhaled, it is proposed that beclomethasone dipropionate remains active locally in the lung without causing significant side effects associated with systemic corticosteroids.[A180010] Compared to earlier corticosteroids such as [dexamethasone] and [prednisolone], beclomethasone dipropionate is reported to be less irritating to the nasal mucosa with a longer duration of action when administered intranasally.[A179848]] |
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Phenylpropanolamine
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DB00397 |
[Phenylpropanolamine is a sympathomimetic agent that acts as a nonselective adrenergic receptor agonist and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. It has been used as a decongestant and appetite suppressant. Currently, it is withdrawn from the market in Canada and the United States due to the risk for hemorrahgic strokes.] |
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Progesterone
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DB00396 |
[Progesterone is a hormone that occurs naturally in females, and is essential for endometrial receptivity, embryo implantation, and the successful establishment of pregnancy. A low progesterone concentration or an insufficient response to progesterone can cause infertility and pregnancy loss [A175609]. Progesterone is used in various contraceptive preparations to prevent ovulation and fertilization [T481], [A175612] as well as in other formulations to promote and support pregnancy. Please see [Medroxyprogesterone acetate], [Megestrol acetate], [Dydrogesterone] and [Hydroxyprogesterone] entries for information on various other forms of progesterone.
Pharmaceutical progesterone is made from a plant source as a starting material and is chemically identical to progesterone of human ovarian origin [FDA label]. Progesterone is available in gelatinized capsule form, vaginal gel form, tablet form, vaginal insert form, and injection form, all used for various purposes [Label,F3898,F3904,F3901,F3907].] |
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Evocalcet
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DB12388 |
[Evocalcet has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hyperparathyroidism and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism.] |
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Stannous chloride
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DB11056 |
[Stannous chloride is used as a source of tin in radiopharmaceutical kits. Tin reduces technetium-99m, the active radiological agent, allowing it to form a complex with phosphate-containing moeities [A32700]. These complexes localize primarily in bone (40-50%) and infracted myocardium (0.01-0.02%/g of tissue) allowing for imaging of areas of altered osteogenesis or necrotic heart tissue [FDA Label].] |
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Zamicastat
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DB12389 |
[Zamicastat has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hypertension and Chronic Heart Failure.] |
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Human cord blood hematopoietic progenitor cell
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DB11054 |
[Human cord blood hematopoietic progenitor cells consist of hematopoietic progenitor cells, monocytes, lymphocytes, and granulocytes from human cord blood. They are used during allogeneic unrelated and related hematopoietic stem cell transplantation procedures in patients with disorders affecting the hematopoietic system that are inherited, acquired, or result from myeloablative treatment. Human umbilical cord is a rich source of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells that are capable of proliferation _in vitro_. Active and viable hematopoietic progenitor cells, or hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) express the cell surface marker CD34 which is critical for cell identification [A32216]. Upon division and maturation at the bone marrow following intravenous administration to the patient, hematopoietic progenitor cells enter the systemic circulation to restore blood counts and function [FDA Label].
After the first cord blood transplant in 1988 in a patient with Fanconi anemia [A32220], the use of umbilical cord blood transplantation was increased in clinical settings. Human cord blood hematopoietic progenitor cells can be collected from both related or unrelated donors. The unrelated donor transplant setting has several advantages over related donor transplant and bone marrow transplantation; it allows shorter time to transplant and tolerance of 1–2 human leukocyte antigen mismatch due to expanded donor pool, which increases the chance of finding a suitable donor, particularly in patients requiring urgent transplantation [A32219]. Other advantages of HSC transplantation include a lower risk of transmitting infections by latent viruses and improved targeting of ethnic minorities increased pool of rare haplotypes [A32219]. Umbilical cord blood cell transplantation was also associated with reduced incidence and severity of graft versus host disease (GVHD) thus improved survival rates of transplant patients compared to allogeneic bone marrow transplant setting, which may be due to "naive" nature of lymphocytes [A32223]. Hemacord is marketed in the U.S. as an allogeneic cord blood hematopoietic progenitor cell therapy for intravenous use.] |
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AR-67
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DB12384 |
[AR-67 has been used in trials studying the treatment of GBM, Tumors, Gliosarcoma, Solid Malignancies, and Glioblastoma Multiforme, among others.] |
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Carboxymethylcellulose
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DB11059 |
[Carboxymethylcellulose is a cellulose derivative that consists of the cellulose backbone made up of glucopyranose monomers and their hydroxyl groups bound to carboxymethyl groups. It is added in food products as a viscosity modifier or thickener and emulsifier. It is also one of the most common viscous polymers used in artificial tears, and has shown to be effective in the treatment of aqueous tear-deficient dry eye symptoms and ocular surface staining [A33029]. The viscous and mucoadhesive properties as well as its anionic charge allow prolonged retention time in the ocular surface [A33029]. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose is the most commonly used salt.] |
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10-hydroxycamptothecin
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DB12385 |
[10-hydroxycamptothecin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00956787 (Study of AR-67 (DB-67) in Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)).] |
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Petrolatum
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DB11058 |
[A colloidal system of semisolid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It is used as an ointment base, topical protectant, and lubricant.] |
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Bacillus calmette-guerin substrain danish 1331 live antigen
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DB12386 |
[BCG SSI has been used in trials studying Tuberculosis.] |
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OSI-027
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DB12387 |
[OSI-027 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Any Solid Tumor or Lymphoma.] |
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Mineral oil
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DB11057 |
[Mineral oil, or paraffin oil, is a mixture of higher alkanes from a mineral source, such as petroleum. Petroleum mineral oil is manufactured from crude oils by vacuum distillation to produce several distillates and a residual oil that are then further refined. During the modern refining process, aromatics are reduced by solvent extraction, catalytic hydrotreating, or hydrocracking. Unrefined or mildly treated mineral oils are classified as Group 3 carcinogens by the World Health Organizations, as chronic exposure to these aromatics including alkylated polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) can lead to skin cancer.
Mineral oil is a common ingredient in baby lotions, cold creams, ointments and cosmetics to treat and prevent dry, rough, scaly, itchy skin and minor skin irritations. It is also used as a mild laxative for human or veterinary uses.] |
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GDC-0152
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DB12380 |
[GDC-0152 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Solid Cancers.] |
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Merestinib
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DB12381 |
[Merestinib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cancer, Solid Tumor, Advanced cancer, ColoRectal Cancer, and Metastatic Cancer, among others.] |
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R-306465
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DB12382 |
[R306465 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Neoplasms.] |
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Cytochlor
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DB12383 |
[Cytochlor has been used in trials studying the treatment of Head and Neck Cancer and Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors.] |
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Azficel-T
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DB11051 |
[Azficel-T is an autologous cellular product composed of fibroblasts indicated for improvement of the appearance of moderate to severe nasolabial fold wrinkles in adults. Dermal fibroblasts are collected from the post-auricular biopsy tissue and aseptically expanded using standard tissue-culture procedures until sufficient cells for three doses are obtained [FDA Label]. Expanded cells are then suspended in a cell medium. As a replacement for lost dermal constituents in the aging or skin deformation process, treatment with autologous fibroblasts has shown to improve wrinkle and acne scar appearance than with placebo treatment [A31920, A31926]. Intradermal administration of autologous dermal fibroblasts into irradiated skin following surgical procedures was associated with an improved healing process of subsequent surgical wounds [A31927]. Azficel-T is marketed in the US as Laviv for intradermal injection.] |
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Typhoid Vaccine Live
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DB11050 |
[Salmonella typhi Ty21a live antigen is a live attenuated vaccine for oral administration only. It contains the attenuated strain *Salmonella typhi* Ty21a. The vaccine prevents the development of typhoid fever, an acute, febrile enteric disease caused by *Salmonella typhi* by inducing a local immune response in the intestinal tract.] |
