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Methacrylyl-Coenzyme A
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DB01675 |
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Protriptyline
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DB00344 |
[Protriptyline hydrochloride is a dibenzocycloheptene-derivative tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). TCAs are structurally similar to phenothiazines. They contain a tricyclic ring system with an alkyl amine substituent on the central ring. In non-depressed individuals, protriptyline does not affect mood or arousal, but may cause sedation. In depressed individuals, protriptyline exerts a positive effect on mood. TCAs are potent inhibitors of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. In addition, TCAs down-regulate cerebral cortical β-adrenergic receptors and sensitize post-synaptic serotonergic receptors with chronic use. The antidepressant effects of TCAs are thought to be due to an overall increase in serotonergic neurotransmission. TCAs also block histamine H<sub>1</sub> receptors, α<sub>1</sub>-adrenergic receptors and muscarinic receptors, which accounts for their sedative, hypotensive and anticholinergic effects (e.g. blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention), respectively. See toxicity section below for a complete listing of side effects. Protriptyline may be used for the treatment of depression.] |
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Diltiazem
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DB00343 |
[Diltiazem is a benzothiazepine derivative with antihypertensive and vasodilating properties. Approved in 1982 by the FDA, it is a member of the non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers drug class. It works through various mechanisms of action, but it primarily works by inhibiting the calcium influx into cardiac and vascular smooth muscle during depolarization.[L10556] Compared to dihydropyridine drugs, such as [nifedipine], that preferentially act on vascular smooth muscle and [verapamil] that directly acts on the heart muscle, diltiazem displays an intermediate specificity to target both the cardiac and vascular smooth muscle.[T28] Being a potent vasodilator, diltiazem is used clinically as an antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmic, and as an anti-anginal agent [L6289] for the management of cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension, chronic stable angina, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter. Apart from its main FDA-approved indications, diltiazem has also been used for numerous off-label indications, such as anal fissures (in topical formulations), migraine prophylaxis, pulmonary hypertension, and rest-related cramps in the lower extremities.[L6289] Typically available in extended-release oral and intravenous formulations, diltiazem is marketed under various brand names with Cardizem and Tiazac being the most common ones.] |
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[2-(1-Amino-2-Hydroxy-Propyl)-4-(4-Fluoro-1h-Indol-3-Ylmethyl)-5-Hydroxy-Imidazol-1-Yl]-Acetic Acid
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DB01674 |
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Alfuzosin
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DB00346 |
[Alfuzosin (INN, provided as the hydrochloride salt) is an alpha-adrenergic blocker used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It works by relaxing the muscles in the prostate and bladder neck, making it easier to urinate.] |
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Fumaric Acid
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DB01677 |
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Trinitrotoluene
|
DB01676 |
[Trinitrotoluene is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.] |
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Aminohippuric acid
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DB00345 |
[The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity. [PubChem]] |
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p-Hydroxymercuribenzoic acid
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DB01671 |
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Metixene
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DB00340 |
[Metixene (or methixene) is a anticholinergic used as an antiparkinsonian agent.] |
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Propyl acetate
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DB01670 |
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Terfenadine
|
DB00342 |
[In the U.S., Terfenadine was superseded by fexofenadine in the 1990s due to the risk of cardiac arrhythmia caused by QT interval prolongation.] |
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Uridine-5'-Diphosphate-N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-Alanine
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DB01673 |
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2,3-Dihydroxy-Benzoic Acid
|
DB01672 |
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Cetirizine
|
DB00341 |
[Cetirizine, also commonly known as _Zyrtec_, is an orally active second-generation histamine H1 antagonist proven effective in the treatment of various allergic symptoms, such as sneezing, coughing, nasal congestion, hives, and other symptoms [A175051], [A175054].
One of the most common uses for this drug is for a condition called _allergic rhinitis_. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in the United States is about 15% according to physician diagnoses, and up to 30%, according to self-reported nasal symptoms. Allergic rhinitis is associated with multiple missed or unproductive days at work and school, problems with sleep, and other difficulties with day to day activities for many individuals [A175057]. Furthermore, some antihistamine agents that are used to treat this condition cause undesirable, sedating effects [A175060].
Cetirizine is one of the first second-generation H1 antihistamines (SGAHs)formulated to selectively inhibit the H1 receptor without sedating effects [A175054].] |
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Sulpiride
|
DB00391 |
[A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)] |
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Digoxin
|
DB00390 |
[Digoxin is one of the oldest cardiovascular medications used today.[A178225] It is a common agent used to manage atrial fibrillation and the symptoms of heart failure.[A178234] Digoxin is classified as a cardiac glycoside and was initially approved by the FDA in 1954.[L6775]
This drug originates from the foxglove plant, also known as the _Digitalis_ plant[T610], studied by William Withering, an English physician and botanist in the 1780s.[A178237,A178240] Prior to this, a Welsh family, historically referred to as the _Physicians of Myddvai_, formulated drugs from this plant. They were one of the first to prescribe cardiac glycosides, according to ancient literature dating as early as the 1250s.[A178240]] |
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Nimodipine
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DB00393 |
[Nimodipine is a 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It acts primarily on vascular smooth muscle cells by stabilizing voltage-gated L-type calcium channels in their inactive conformation. By inhibiting the influx of calcium in smooth muscle cells, nimodipine prevents calcium-dependent smooth muscle contraction and subsequent vasoconstriction. Compared to other calcium channel blocking agents, nimodipine exhibits greater effects on cerebral circulation than on peripheral circulation. Nimodipine is used to as an adjunct to improve the neurologic outcome following subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.] |
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Profenamine
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DB00392 |
[Profenamine is a medication derived from phenothiazine. It is primarily used as an antidyskinetic to treat parkinsonism. It is sold under the trade names Parsidol in the United States and Parsidan in Canada.] |
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Relebactam
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DB12377 |
[Relebactam is a diazabicyclooctane beta-lactamase inhibitor, similar in structure to [avibactam].[A181195,A181207] It includes a piperidine ring which reduces export from bacterial cells by producing a positive charge.[A181207] It is currently available in a combination product which includes [imipenem] and [cilastatin] to treat complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs), pyelonephritis, and complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults.[label] It is considered to be a last-line treatment option and gained FDA approval as part of the combination product RecarbrioⓇ in July 2019.[L7568]] |
