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Ketanserin
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DB12465 |
[Ketanserin has been investigated for the treatment of Septic Shock, Severe Sepsis, and Diabetic Foot Ulcer.] |
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Dibunate
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DB13796 |
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Omega-3 fatty acids
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DB11133 |
[Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with a double bond at the third carbon atom from the end of the carbon chain. The three types of omega-3 fatty acids involved in human physiology are α-linolenic acid (ALA) (found in plant oils), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (both commonly found in fish oil that originally come from microalgae that is further consumed by phytoplankton, a source of diet for fish). Omega-3 fatty acids play a critical role in metabolism and cellular function and they are available as daily supplements. On September 8, 2004, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration gave "qualified health claim" status to EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty acids. Therapeutic products containing omega-3 fatty acid and its derivatives for treatment of hypertriglyceridemia include Lovaza, Omtryg, Epanova, and Vascepa.] |
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Silicon dioxide
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DB11132 |
[Silicon dioxide, or silica, is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula SiO2. It is found in nature as agate, amethyst, chalcedony, cristobalite, flint, sand, QUARTZ, and tridymite as transparent and tasteless crystals. Inhalation of fine crystals is toxic to humans leading to respiratory toxicity. In powdered food products and pharmaceutical tablets, silicon dioxide is added as a flow agent to absorb water. Colloidal silica is also used as a wine, beer, and juice fining agent or stabilizer.] |
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Favipiravir
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DB12466 |
[Favipiravir has been investigated for the treatment of Influenza. It is a unique viral RNA polymerase inhibitor, acting on viral genetic copying to prevent its reproduction.] |
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Iodocholesterol (131I)
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DB13797 |
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Capsicum oleoresin
|
DB11131 |
[Capsicum oleoresin is an oily organic resin derived from the fruit of plants in the Capsicum genus, such as chilli peppers. When the plants are finely ground, capsicum oleoresin is formed after the extraction process of capsaicin using oragnic solvents such as ethanol. It is commonly used as a culinary spice. The intensity of biological actions and toxicological effects of capsicum oleoresin are a direct function of the amount of capsaicinoids, or capsaicin, present in the compound [L1944]. Capsaicinoids comprise of a group of fat-soluble pungent chemical phenols and include [DB06774], dihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin, and homodihydrocapsaicin [A32318]. [DB06774] and dihydrocapsaicin are the most pungent capsaicinoid analogues [A32318].
Capsicum oleoresin is contained in pepper sprays when suspended in water, and acts an active lachrymatory agent that induces irritation, lacrimation, pain, and temporary blindness when in contact with eyes. Due to its analgesic properties, capsicum oleoresin is used to temporarily relieve of minor aches and pains of muscles and joints as an active ingredient in topical OTC preparations and has been studied for management of different models of neuropathic pain [A32316]. It is suggested that capsicum oleoresin is a rich source of phytochemicals that consist of phenolic compounds with antioxidant and antidiabetic activities [A32317].] |
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TU-100
|
DB12467 |
[TU-100 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Abdominal Pain, Colonic Transit, Crohn's Disease, Rectal Sensation, and Gastric Emptying, among others.] |
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Demoxytocin
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DB13798 |
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Ethadione
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DB13799 |
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Pf-04531083
|
DB12468 |
[Pf-04531083 has been investigated for the treatment of Pain and Chronic Pain.] |
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Opium
|
DB11130 |
[Opium is the first substance of the diverse group of the opiates. It has been known for a long time, and the first evidence of a poppy culture dates from 5 thousand years by the Sumerians. During the years, opium was used as a sedative and hypnotic, but it was determined to be addictive.[A32171]
Opium is extracted from _Papaver somniferum_, which is more known as poppies. This plant is an integrant of the Papaveraceae family, and it is characterized by solitary leaves and capsulated fruits. Therefore, opium is a sticky brown resin obtained by collecting and drying the latex that exudes from the poppy pods.[L1761]
Once extracted, opium contains two main groups of alkaloids; the psychoactive constituents which are in the category of phenanthrenes and alkaloids that have no central nervous system effect in the category of isoquinolines. Morphine is the most prevalent and principal alkaloid in opium, and it is responsible for most of the harmful effects of opium.[L1762]
Opium has gradually been superseded by a variety of synthetic opioids and general anesthetics. Some of the isolated derivatives of opium are morphine, noscapine, strychnine, veratrine, colchicine, codeine, and quinine.[A32175] Opium is a prohibited drug of abuse in most countries, but the illegal production of this drug and its derivatives keeps being registered. There is some legal production of opium in different countries for the obtention of alkaloids by extraction.[L1766]] |
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Molybdenum
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DB11137 |
[Molybdenum is a chemical element with symbol Mo and atomic number 42. As it is not a naturally occuring free metal on Earth, molybdenum is found only in various oxidation states in minerals. Molybdenum is commonly used in metallurgy and other chemical applications however it has essential biological roles in organisms and microorganisms. It is an essential trace dietary element and acts as a critical cofactor in several molybdenum-dependent enzymes that are involved in important cellular reactions and pathways, including xanthine oxidoreductase. When complexed with Technetium Tc 99m, molybdenum is used as a radiopharmaceutical agent in diagonistic procedures.] |
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GLPG-0492
|
DB12461 |
[Glpg0492 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01130818 (First-in-Human Single Ascending Dose of GLPG0492).] |
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Clopamide
|
DB13792 |
[Clopamide is an oral diuretic agent with antihypertensive activity. Like thiazide diuretics, it has an aromatic sulfonamide base but with no double-ring structure.] |
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Chromium
|
DB11136 |
[Chromium is a transition element with the chemical symbol Cr and atomic number 24 that belongs to Group 6 of the periodic table. It is used in various chemical, industrial and manufacturing applications such as wood preservation and metallurgy. The uses of chromium compounds depend on the valency of chromium, where trivalent Cr (III) compounds are used for dietary Cr supplementation and hexavalent Cr (VI) compounds are used as corrosion inhibitors in commercial settings and are known to be human carcinogens [L1982]. Humans can be exposed to chromium via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal or ocular exposure [L1983]. Trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) ion is considered to be an essential dietary trace element as it is involved in metabolism of blood glucose, regulation of insulin resistance and metabolism of lipids. Clinical trials and other studies suggest the evidence of chromium intake improving glucose tolerance in patients with Type I and II diabetes, however its clinical application in the standard management of type II diabetes mellitus is not established. Chromium deficiency has been associated with a diabetic-like state, impaired growth, decreased fertility and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases [A32343, A32351, L1982].
According to the National Institute of Health, the daily dietary reference intake (DRI) of chromium for adult male and non-pregnant female are 35 μg and 25 μg, respectively [L1986]. Chromium picolinate capsules may be used as nutritional adjuvant in patients with or at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to improve blood sugar metabolism and stabilize the levels of serum cholesterol. Chromium chloride is available as an intravenous injection for use as a supplement to intravenous solutions given for total parenteral nutrition (TPN) [FDA Label].] |
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Vinburnine
|
DB13793 |
|
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Ralinepag
|
DB12462 |
[Ralinepag has been used in trials studying the treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.] |
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Selenium
|
DB11135 |
[Selenium is a trace metal in the human body particularly important as a component of glutathione peroxidase, an important enzyme in the prevention of cellular damage by free radicals and reactive oxygen species [FDA Label]] |
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Dimethoxanate
|
DB13794 |
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