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Pentazocine
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DB00652 |
[The first mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic to be marketed. It is an agonist at the kappa and sigma opioid receptors and has a weak antagonist action at the mu receptor. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1991, p97)] |
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Dyphylline
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DB00651 |
[Dyphylline is a theophylline derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is typically used in the management of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.] |
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D-Mannuronic Acid
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DB01982 |
|
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Latanoprost
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DB00654 |
[Latanoprost is a prodrug analog of prostaglandin F2 alpha that is used to treat elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). It was initially approved by the FDA in 1998. Latanoprost is the first topical prostaglandin F2 alpha analog used for glaucoma treatment.[A184493] It has been found to be well-tolerated and its use does not normally result in systemic adverse effects like other drugs used to treat elevated intraocular pressure, such as [Timolol]. Another benefit latanoprost is that it can be administered once a day.[A184490]] |
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N-acetyl-L-arginine
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DB01985 |
|
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(4S)-5-[[(1S)-1-Carboxy-2-cyclohexylethyl]amino]-4-[[(2S)-2-[[(3R)-4-cyclohexyl-2-oxo-3-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)butanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
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DB01984 |
|
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Magnesium sulfate
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DB00653 |
[A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083)] |
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Leucovorin
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DB00650 |
[Folinic Acid (also known as 5-formyl tetrahydrofolic acid or leucovorin) is the 5-formyl derivative of tetrahydrofolic acid, a necessary co-factor in the body. Commercially available leucovorin is composed of a 1:1 racemic mixture of the dextrorotary and levorotary isomers, while levoleucovorin contains only the pharmacologically active levo-isomer. In vitro, the levo-isomer has been shown to be rapidly converted to the biologically available methyl-tetrahydrofolate form while the dextro form is slowly excreted by the kidneys. Despite this difference in activity, the two commercially available forms have been shown to be pharmacokinetically identical and may be used interchangeably with limited differences in efficacy or side effects (Kovoor et al, 2009).
As folate analogs, leucovorin and levoleucovorin are both used to counteract the toxic effects of folic acid antagonists, such as methotrexate, which act by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). They are indicated for use as rescue therapy following use of high-dose methotrexate in the treatment of osteosarcoma or for diminishing the toxicity associated with inadvertent overdosage of folic acid antagonists. Injectable forms are also indicated for use in the treatment of megaloblastic anemias due to folic acid deficiency when oral therapy is not feasible and for use in combination with 5-fluorouracil to prolong survival in the palliative treatment of patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
Folic acid is an essential B vitamin required by the body for the synthesis of purines, pyrimidines, and methionine before incorporation into DNA or protein. However, in order to function in this role, it must first be reduced by the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) into the cofactors dihydrofolate (DHF) and tetrahydrofolate (THF). This important pathway, which is required for de novo synthesis of nucleic acids and amino acids, is disrupted when high-dose methotrexate is used for cancer therapy. As methotrexate functions as a DHFR inhibitor to prevent DNA synthesis in rapidly dividing cells, it also prevents the formation of DHF and THF. This results in a deficiency of coenzymes and a resultant buildup of toxic substances that are responsible for numerous adverse side effects associated with methotrexate therapy. As levoleucovorin and leucovorin are analogs of tetrahydrofolate (THF), they are able to bypass DHFR reduction and act as a cellular replacement for the co-factor THF, thereby preventing these toxic side effects.] |
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3,6-Anhydro-D-Galactose-2-Sulfate
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DB01981 |
|
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Para-Iodo-D-Phenylalanine Hydroxamic Acid
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DB01980 |
|
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Ibipinabant
|
DB12649 |
[Ibipinabant has been used in trials studying the treatment of Obesity and Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.] |
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Methscopolamine
|
DB11315 |
[Methscopolamine is a quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine and antagonist at muscarininc (mACh) receptors. Methscopolamine bromide is the most common form of the active ingredient in oral pharmaceutical products. The oral tablets are used as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of peptic ulcer and is shown to be effective in decreasing the rate of recurrence of peptic ulcers as well as preventing complications.] |
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Givinostat
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DB12645 |
[Givinostat has been used in trials studying the treatment of Polycythemia Vera, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, and Polyarticular Course Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.] |
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Sulesomab
|
DB13976 |
[Market product is Tc99m-labeled murine antibody fragment for nuclear imaging of activated granulocytes.] |
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Potassium carbonate
|
DB13977 |
[Potassium carbonate (K2CO3) is a white salt, soluble in water (insoluble in ethanol) which forms a strongly alkaline solution. It can be made as the product of potassium hydroxide's absorbent reaction with carbon dioxide. It presents a large capacity to absorb moisture.] |
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Tocotrienol
|
DB12647 |
[Tocotrienol has been investigated for the treatment of Cholesterol Lowering.] |
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Selisistat
|
DB13978 |
[Selective inhibitor of SIRT1 that does not inhibit histone deacetylase (HDAC) or other sirtuin deacetylase family members (IC50 values are 98, 19600, 48700, > 100000 and > 100000 nM for SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT3, HDAC and NADase respectively). Enhances p53 acetylation in response to DNA damaging agents.] |
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Besilesomab
|
DB13979 |
[Besilesomab is a mouse monoclonal antibody labelled with the radioactive isotope technetium-99m for determining the location of inflammation/infection in peripheral bone in adults with suspected osteomyelitis [FDA Label]. Utilised only as a diagnostic agent, besilesomab is currently approved by the EMEA for marketing and use in various European countries like Italy, France, Germany, Spain, Portugal, Norway, Sweden, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom [L1564].] |
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Nona-arginine
|
DB12648 |
[Nona-arginine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00264706 (PolyArginine Treated vEiN grafTs (PATENT)).] |
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1,2-Docosahexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine
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DB11318 |
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